Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of T 90 229 h has to be written. Concept Introduction: If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number. This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay. The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Question

(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.14EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of T90229h has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of bismuth-210 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of G64152d has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of americium-243 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.14EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of T90229h has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of bismuth-210 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of G64152d has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of americium-243 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.14EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of T90229h has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of bismuth-210 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of G64152d has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of americium-243 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11.14EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of T90229h has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of bismuth-210 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of G64152d has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of americium-243 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11.14EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of T90229h has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of bismuth-210 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of G64152d has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of americium-243 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11.14EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of T90229h has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11.14EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of T90229h has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of bismuth-210 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of bismuth-210 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of G64152d has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of G64152d has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of americium-243 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced nuclear equation for alpha decay of americium-243 has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction. These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms. Isotopes refer to the same element that has different mass number while nuclide refers to atoms of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

This nuclear reaction can be represented by nuclear equation. This is not a normal chemical equation. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and products. Unstable nucleus tends to emit radiation spontaneously. During this process the nuclide is transformed into nuclide of another element. Parent nuclide is the one which undergoes the radioactive decay. Daughter nuclide is the one that is formed from parent nuclide after radioactive decay.

The radioactive decay can take place by emission of alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray emission. Alpha particle decay is a process in which an alpha particle is emitted. This results in the formation of nuclide of different element that has atomic number that is 2 less and mass number that is 4 less than the original nucleus. Beta particle decay is a process in which a beta particle is emitted. This produces a nuclide of different element similar to that of alpha particle decay. The mass number is same as that of parent nuclide while the atomic number increases by 1 unit. Gamma ray emission is a process in which the unstable nucleus emits gamma ray. This occurs along with alpha or beta particle emission. The gamma rays are not shown in the nuclear equation because they do not affect balancing the nuclear equation.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 11.1 - The term nuclide is a term used to describe a....Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 11.1 - In the notation carbon-14, the number 14 is a. the...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 11.3 - The explanation for how a beta particle is...

Solution Summary: The author explains that nuclear reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because electrons do not take part in reaction while the particle inside the nucleus does. Nuclear equation considers the mass number and atomic number of the reactants and

Chapter 11 Solutions