Explanation Given: The temperature ( T ) is 308 K . First flask: The pressure of N 2 is 1 atm . Second flask: The mass of H 2 O ( m w ) is 2 g . Third flask: The mass of ethanol ( m e ) is 0.50 g . The vapor pressure of water is 42 mmHg . The vapor pressure of ethanol is 102 mmHg . The ideal gas constant ( R ) is 0.0821 L atm / ( mol K) . Explanation: The total pressure of the flask when all stopcocks are open is equal to the individual pressures of nitrogen, water, and ethanol. P total = P N 2 + P H 2 O + P C 2 H 6 O Here, P N 2 is the pressure of nitrogen gas, P H 2 O is the pressure of water, and P C 2 H 6 O is the pressure of ethanol. Calculate the number of moles of water ( n w ) as follows: The molar mass of water ( M w ) is 18.01 g / mol . The number of moles of water is the ratio of the mass of water and its molar mass. n w = m w M w Substitute 18.01 g / mol for M w and 2 g for m w as follows: n w = 2 g 18.01 g / mol = 0.11 mol So, the moles of water is 0.11 mol . The pressure of nitrogen is 1 atm for 1 L . Therefore, calculate the pressure of nitrogen at 3 L as follows. P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 Substitute 1 atm for P 1 , 1 L for V 1 , and 3 L for V 2 as follows: 1 × 1 = P 2 × 3 P 2 = 0.33 atm This is equal to the required pressure of the nitrogen in one flask. So, the pressure of nitrogen ( P N 2 ) is 0.33 atm . Now, calculate the pressure of water as follows: P H 2 O V = n w R T Substitute 3 L for V , 308 K for T , 0.0821 L atm / ( mol K) for R , and 0.11 mol for n w : P H 2 O = 0 .11 mol × 0.0821 L atm / ( mol K) × 308 K 3 L = 0.927 atm One mmHg pressure is equal to 0.001316 atm . Convert the vapor pressure of water from mmHg to atmosphere as follows: 42 mmHg = 42 mmHg × 0

Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (4th Edition)

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ISBN: 9780134162454

Author: Nivaldo J. Tro

Publisher: PEARSON

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Chapter 11, Problem 101E

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To determine: The total pressure of the system.

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Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (4th Edition)

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