EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-PRINT COMPANION (
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781119776741
Author: Klein
Publisher: WILEY CONS
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Chapter 10.2, Problem 3LTS
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The appropriate fishhook arrows for the following radical process need to be drawn:
Concept Introduction :
When the bonding cannot be represented by a single Lewis formula, resonance is a means to describe delocalized electrons inside specific molecules or polyatomic ions. With such delocalized electrons, a molecule or ion can be represented by a number of resonance structures.
A radical substitution reaction is one in which one or more of the atoms or groups present in the substrate are replaced by new atoms or groups using a free radical mechanism. A radical chain reaction's initiation step is the point at which a free radical is created for the first time.
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Rank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic
aromatic substitution.
Explanation
Check
CF3
(Choose one)
OH
(Choose one)
H
(Choose one)
(Choose one)
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Identifying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects
For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the
benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene.
Molecule
Inductive Effects
Resonance Effects
Overall Electron-Density
CF3
O donating
O donating
O electron-rich
O withdrawing
withdrawing
O no inductive effects
O no resonance effects
O electron-deficient
O similar to benzene
OCH3
Explanation
Check
O donating
O donating
○ withdrawing
withdrawing
O no inductive effects
no resonance effects
electron-rich
electron-deficient
O similar to benzene
Х
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The acid-base chemistry of both EDTA and EBT are important to ensuring that the reactions proceed as desired, thus the pH is controlled using a buffer. What percent of the EBT indicator will be in the desired HIn2- state at pH = 10.5. pKa1 = 6.2 and pKa2 = 11.6 of EBT
Chapter 10 Solutions
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