(a) Explanation Given: A humanities major would shift to a science major with a probability of 20% and would be undecided with a probability of 45%. A science major changes to being a humanities major with a probability 0.15 and becomes undecided with a probability of 0.35. An undecided student would become a science major with a probability 0.3 and a humanities major with a probability 0.5. Explanation: The probabilites for the student shifting from one major to another can be represented with the help of a transition matrix. Three majors would correspond to a square transition matrix of order 3. Define the following variables: S : Science major H : Humantites major U : Undecided Use the provided information to set up the transition matrix as P . S H U P = S H U [ a 11 0.15 0.35 0.2 a 22 0.45 0.3 0.5 a 33 ] As the sum of all the entries of the transition matrix needs to be 1, the unknown diagonal elements can be calcuated as a 11 + 0.15 + 0.35 = 1 a 11 + 0.5 = 1 a 11 = 1 − 0.5 = 0.5 0.2 + a 22 + 0.45 = 1 a 22 = 1 − 0.25 − 0.45 = 1 − 0.65 = 0.35 0.3 + 0.5 + a 33 = 1 a 33 = 1 − 0.3 − 0.5 = 1 − 0.8 = 0.2 This results in the following transition matrix S H U P = S H U [ 0.5 0.15 0.35 0.2 0.35 0.45 0.3 0.5 0.2 ] The long-range probabilities for the student to be in each major can be computed as the equilibrium vector for the transition matrix P . A vector v is said to be an equilibrium vector for a transition matrix P , if the following condition holds: v P = v Let the vector v be defined as follows, so that the multiplication holds. [ v 1 v 2 v 3 ] Then, v P = v [ v 1 v 2 v 3 ] [ 0.5 0.15 0.35 0.2 0.35 0.45 0.3 0.5 0.2 ] = [ v 1 v 2 v 3 ] Simplify the left hand side to obtain [ 0.5 v 1 + 0.2 v 2 + 0.3 v 3 0.15 v 1 + 0.35 v 2 + 0.5 v 3 0.35 v 1 + 0.45 v 2 + 0.2 v 3 ] = [ v 1 v 2 v 3 ] This gives ride to the following system of equations 0.5 v 1 + 0.2 v 2 + 0.3 v 3 = v 1 0.15 v 1 + 0.35 v 2 + 0.5 v 3 = v 2 0.35 v 1 + 0.45 v 2 + 0.2 v 3 = v 3 This can be simplified to − 0.5 v 1 + 0.2 v 2 + 0.3 v 3 = 0 0.15 v 1 − 0.65 v 2 + 0.5 v 3 = 0 0.35 v 1 + 0.45 v 2 − 0.8 v 3 = 0 Also, use the property that v 1 , v 2 , and v 3 are entries of a probability vector so they should sum to 1 (b) To determine The comparison of the result obtained with the result of exercise 23.

Finite Mathematics, Books a la Carte Plus MyLab Math Access Card Package (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN: 9780133886818

Author: Margaret L. Lial, Raymond N. Greenwell, Nathan P. Ritchey

Publisher: PEARSON

See similar textbooks

Concept explainers

Compound Probability

Compound probability can be defined as the probability of the two events which are independent. It can be defined as the multiplication of the probability of two events that are not dependent.

Tree diagram

Probability theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the subject of probability. Although there are many different concepts of probability, probability theory expresses the definition mathematically through a series of axioms. Usually, these axi…

Conditional Probability

By definition, the term probability is expressed as a part of mathematics where the chance of an event that may either occur or not is evaluated and expressed in numerical terms. The range of the value within which probability can be expressed is between…

Videos

Question

Chapter 10.2, Problem 37E

(a)

To determine

The long-range probability of the fractions of students in each of the three majors.

(b)

To determine

The comparison of the result obtained with the result of exercise 23.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Chapter 10.2, Problem 36E

Chapter 10.2, Problem 38E

Students have asked these similar questions

Prove that 1) | RxX (T) | << = (R₁ " + R$) 2) find Laplalse trans. of Normal dis: 3) Prove thy t /Rx (z) | < | Rx (0)\ 4) show that evary algebra is algebra or not.

= 5 37 A 4 8 0.5 06 9

For each of the time series, construct a line chart of the data and identify the characteristics of the time series (that is, random, stationary, trend, seasonal, or cyclical). Month Number (Thousands)Dec 1991 65.60Jan 1992 71.60Feb 1992 78.80Mar 1992 111.60Apr 1992 107.60May 1992 115.20Jun 1992 117.80Jul 1992 106.20Aug 1992 109.90Sep 1992 106.00Oct 1992 111.80Nov 1992 84.50Dec 1992 78.60Jan 1993 70.50Feb 1993 74.60Mar 1993 95.50Apr 1993 117.80May 1993 120.90Jun 1993 128.50Jul 1993 115.30Aug 1993 121.80Sep 1993 118.50Oct 1993 123.30Nov 1993 102.30Dec 1993 98.70Jan 1994 76.20Feb 1994 83.50Mar 1994 134.30Apr 1994 137.60May 1994 148.80Jun 1994 136.40Jul 1994 127.80Aug 1994 139.80Sep 1994 130.10Oct 1994 130.60Nov 1994 113.40Dec 1994 98.50Jan 1995 84.50Feb 1995 81.60Mar 1995 103.80Apr 1995 116.90May 1995 130.50Jun 1995 123.40Jul 1995 129.10Aug 1995…

Chapter 10 Solutions

Finite Mathematics, Books a la Carte Plus MyLab Math Access Card Package (11th Edition)

Ch. 10.1 - Decide whether each matrix could be a...Ch. 10.1 - Decide whether each matrix could be a probability...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 3E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 4E Ch. 10.1 - Decide whether each matrix could be a probability...Ch. 10.1 - Decide whether each matrix could be a...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 7E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 8E Ch. 10.1 - Decide whether each matrix could be a transition...Ch. 10.1 - Decide whether each matrix could be a...

Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 11E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 12E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 13E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 14E Ch. 10.1 - In Exercises and 16, write each transition diagram...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 16E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 17E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 18E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 19E Ch. 10.1 - Find the first three powers of each transition...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 21E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 22E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 23E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 24E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 25E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 26E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 27E Ch. 10.1 - Insurance An insurance company classifies its...Ch. 10.1 - Insurance The difficulty with the mathematical...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 30E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 31E Ch. 10.1 - 32. Land Use In one state, a Board of Realtors...Ch. 10.1 - Business The change in the size of businesses in a...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 34E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 35E Ch. 10.1 - Housing Patterns In a survey investigating changes...Ch. 10.1 - Migration A study found that the way people living...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 38E Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 39E Ch. 10.2 - Which of the following transition matrices are...Ch. 10.2 - Which of the following transition matrices are...Ch. 10.2 - Which of the following transition matrices are...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 4E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 5E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 6E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 7E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 8E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 9E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 10E Ch. 10.2 - Find the equilibrium vector for each transition...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 12E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 13E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 14E Ch. 10.2 - Find the equilibrium vector for each transition...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 16E Ch. 10.2 - Find the equilibrium vector for each...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 18E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 19E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 20E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 21E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 22E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 23E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 24E Ch. 10.2 - Business and Economics Quality Control The...Ch. 10.2 - 26. Quality Control Suppose improvements are made...Ch. 10.2 - (a) Dry Cleaning Using the initial probability...Ch. 10.2 - Mortgage Refinancing In 2009, many homeowners...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 29E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 30E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 31E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 32E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 33E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 34E Ch. 10.2 - Migration As we saw in the last section, a study...Ch. 10.2 - 36. Criminology A study male criminals in...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 37E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 38E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 39E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 40E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 41E Ch. 10.2 - 42. Language One of Markov's own applications...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 43E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 44E Ch. 10.3 - Find all absorbing states for each transition...Ch. 10.3 - Find all absorbing states for each transition...Ch. 10.3 - Find all absorbing states for each transition...Ch. 10.3 - Find all absorbing states for each transition...Ch. 10.3 - Find all absorbing states for each transition...Ch. 10.3 - Find all absorbing states for each transition...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 7E Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 8E Ch. 10.3 - Find the fundamental matrix F for the absorbing...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 10E Ch. 10.3 - Find the fundamental matrix F for the absorbing...Ch. 10.3 - Find the fundamental matrix F for the absorbing...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 13E Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 14E Ch. 10.3 - (a) Write a transition matrix for a gambler's ruin...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 16E Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 17E Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 18E Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 19E Ch. 10.3 - 20. How can we calculate the expected total...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 21E Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 22E Ch. 10.3 - Business and Economics 23. Solar Energy In...Ch. 10.3 - 24. Company Training Program A company with a...Ch. 10.3 - Contagion Under certain conditions, the...Ch. 10.3 - 26. Medical Prognosis A study using Markov chains...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 27E Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 28E Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 29E Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 30E Ch. 10.3 - Gambler's Ruin (a) Write a transition matrix tor a...Ch. 10.3 - 32. Tennis Consider a game of tennis when each...Ch. 10.3 - Professional Football In Exercise 40 of the first....Ch. 10 - 1. If a teacher is currently ill, what is the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2EA Ch. 10 - Prob. 3EA Ch. 10 - Prob. 4EA Ch. 10 - Prob. 5EA Ch. 10 - Prob. 6EA Ch. 10 - Prob. 7EA Ch. 10 - Prob. 1RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 2RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 3RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 4RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 5RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 6RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 7RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 8RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 9RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 10RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 11RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 12RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 13RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 14RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 15RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 16RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 17RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 18RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 19RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 20RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 21RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 22RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 23RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 24RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 25RE Ch. 10 - In Exercises 23-26, use the transition matrix P,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 27RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 28RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 29RE Ch. 10 - Decide whether each transition matrix is regular....Ch. 10 - Prob. 31RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 32RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 33RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 34RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 35RE Ch. 10 - Find all absorbing states for each matrix. Which...Ch. 10 - Prob. 37RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 38RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 39RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 40RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 41RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 42RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 43RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 44RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 45RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 46RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 47RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 48RE Ch. 10 - Life Sciences 49. Medical Prognosis A study...Ch. 10 - Prob. 50RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 51RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 52RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 53RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 54RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 55RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 56RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 57RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 58RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 59RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 60RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 61RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 62RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 63RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 64RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 65RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 66RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 67RE Ch. 10 - Prob. 68RE Ch. 10 - 69. Gambling Suppose a casino offers a gambling...

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, subject and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

The long-range probability of the fractions of students in each of the three majors.

Solution Summary: The author explains how the long-range probability of students in each of the three majors can be represented with the help of a transition matrix.

Concept explainers

Videos

The long-range probability of the fractions of students in each of the three majors.

The comparison of the result obtained with the result of exercise 23.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 10 Solutions