
Concept explainers
(a)
A plot of the elastic potential energy versus time.
(a)

Answer to Problem 61P
The elastic potential energy is a sinusoidal curve with amplitude
Explanation of Solution
The mass of the object is
Write the expression for elastic potential energy
Here,
Write the given expression for position as a function of time.
Here,
Substitute (II) in (I)
Write the expression for spring constant
Here,
Write the expression for angular frequency
Here,
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
The time period of the square of a sine curve is half of the time period of the sine curve.
Write the expression for time period of the potential energy
Here,
Substitute
Use the above obtained expression for
(b)
A plot of the kinetic energy versus time.
(b)

Answer to Problem 61P
The kinetic energy curve is a cosine curve with amplitude
Explanation of Solution
Write the expression for kinetic energy
Here,
Differentiate (I) to find
Square (VIII) and substitute in (VII)
Substitute
The time period of the square of a cosine curve is half of the time period of the cosine curve.
Write the expression for time period of the potential energy
Here,
Equation (VI) and (X) are the same and hence
Use the above obtained expression for
(c)
A plot of the total energy versus time.
(c)

Answer to Problem 61P
The total energy curve is a straight line parallel to the time-axis with a y-intercept of
Explanation of Solution
Write the expression for total energy
Here,
Substitute the obtained expression of
Thus, energy is constant and hence it is a straight line parallel to the time axis. (Refer figure 3)
(d)
The effect of a friction on the above results.
(d)

Answer to Problem 61P
All three energies of the spring approaches zero.
Explanation of Solution
When the frictional forces are included, the system is no more conservative and it is called a non-conservative system. The energy of the system is not conserved.
If the horizontal surface is not considered as frictionless, then the surface resists the oscillatory motion of the spring and thereby reducing its kinetic energy. A part of the kinetic energy is lost in the form of heat and consequently the all three energy of the system reduces to zero.
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