EBK HEALTH ECONOMICS AND POLICY
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781337668279
Author: Henderson
Publisher: YUZU
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 10, Problem 1QAP
To determine
The major criticismsof profit-oriented hospitals.
Expert Solution & Answer
Explanation of Solution
With an increasing competition in the field of medical care services during 1980’s, a quality enhancement was much needed over cost efficiencies.This has been instrumental in creating an intense race among service providers of medical care.
However, the continued competition posted a need for quality enhancement as well as cost efficiencies during the 1990’s. The changes in the medical care landscape that had begun in the previous decadehave made hospitals focus more on maintain competitiveness while earning a profit.
There are a number of criticisms channeled towards hospitals that operate with an intention of earning profits. The corporate mindset of hospitals emphasizing on profit earnings have led them to leverage themselves with debt.
In other words, in leveling up the scale of operations, hospitals have sought after the assistance of debt. The creation of multiple hospital chains is also being criticized in this relation.
Also, if the hospitals are focused on earning profits, then responsibilities will be evaded and patients’ care will be neglected. It will lead to over-exploitation of patients who are in dire need of treatment.
A patient coming in for a simple treatment of a disease might be admitted for several days in ICU to earn profits. This is the reason hospitals should not put earning profits as their top agenda.
Further, hospital administrators earning exorbitant salaries are being heavily criticized. This posts a question as to whether the medical industry will unnecessarily focus on earning profits and serving individual interests of officials involved.
It is rather preferred to focus on technological enhancements that shall provide the patients with better treatment and care.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Identify the two curves shown on the graph, and explain their upward and downward slopes.
Why does curve Aintersect the horizontal axis?
What is the significance of quantity d?
What does erepresent?
How would the optimal quantity of information change if the marginal benefit of information increased—that is, if the marginal benefit curve shifted upward?
6. Rent seeking
The following graph shows the demand, marginal revenue, and marginal cost curves for a single-price monopolist that produces a drug that helps
relieve arthritis pain.
Place the grey point (star symbol) in the appropriate location on the graph to indicate the monopoly outcome such that the dashed lines reveal the
profit-maximizing price and quantity of a single-price monopolist. Then, use the green rectangle (triangle symbols) to show the profits earned by the
monopolist.
18
200
20
16
16
14
PRICE (Dollars per dose)
12
10
10
8
4
2
MC = ATC
MR
Demand
0
0
5
10
15
20 25 30
35 40
45
50
QUANTITY (Millions of doses per year)
Monopoly Outcome
Monopoly Profits
Suppose that should the patent on this particular drug expire, the market would become perfectly competitive, with new firms immediately entering
the market with essentially identical products.
Further suppose that in this case the original firm will hire lobbyists and make donations to several key politicians to extend its…
Consider a call option on a stock that does not pay dividends.
The stock price is $100 per share, and the risk-free interest rate is 10%.
The call strike is $100 (at the money).
The stock moves randomly with u=2 and d=0.5.
1. Write the system of equations to replicate the option using A shares and B bonds.
2. Solve the system of equations and determine the number of shares and the number of bonds
needed to replicate the option. Show your answer with 4 decimal places (x.xxxx); do not
round intermediate calculations. This is easy to do in Excel.
A =
B =
3. Use A shares and B bonds from the prior question to calculate the premium on the option.
Again, do not round intermediate calculations and show your answer with 4 decimal places.
Call premium =
Chapter 10 Solutions
EBK HEALTH ECONOMICS AND POLICY
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Answer these questions using replication or the risk neutral probability. Both methods will produce the same answer. Show your work to receive credit. 6. What is the premium of a call with a higher strike. Show your work to receive credit; do not round intermediate calculations. S0 = $100, u=2, d=0.5, r=10%, strike=$150arrow_forwardAnswer these questions using replication or the risk neutral probability. Both methods will produce the same answer.arrow_forwardProblem 2: At a raffle, 2000 tickets are sold at $5 each for five prizes of $2000, $1000, $500, $250, and $100. You buy one ticket. What is the expected value of your gain? 1. Find the gain for each prize. 2. Write a probability distribution for the possible gains. 3. Find the expected value. 4. Interpret the results.arrow_forward
- This activity focuses on developing direct and supported opinions using various sources of information on the importance of the following topics: non-renewable and renewable energies, economic factors and obstacles that can affect the relationship between international trade and economic growth, devaluation of the currency in countries, and the imbalance of economic equity. In this context, it is essential that, when studying and developing these topics, students understand the concepts of the value of currencies and that leads to devaluation, non-renewable and renewable energy resources, economic development and obstacles, distribution of wealth, economic growth and external and internal constraints, and about international trade as a growth factor. Thus, the objectives that are intended to be achieved are the following: Acquire knowledge about the concepts mentioned above. Determine relationships between economic growth and international trade. Understand what some limitations that…arrow_forwardConsider a firm facing conventional production technology. The short run Production Function has a small range of increasing marginal product (increasing marginal returns) and then is subject to the Law of Diminishing Marginal Product (diminishing marginal returns). A. Putting quantity on the horizontal axis and dollars on the vertical axis, depict three important curves: Fixed Cost (FC), Variable Cost (VC), and Total Cost (TC). (Note that we are not asking you to depict average cost functions!) B. Please clearly indicate on this graph the range of quantities where the firm is experiencing (1) increasing marginal product and (2) diminishing marginal product. C. In a few sentences, please justify why you've made this specific classification of increasing/diminishing marginal product in part (b).arrow_forwardplease answer the following questions: What is money, and why does anyone want it? Explain the concept of the opportunity cost of holding money . Explain why an increase in U.S. interest rates relative to UK interest rates would affect the U.S.-UK exchange rate. Suppose that a person’s wealth is $50,000 and that her yearlyincome is $60,000. Also suppose that her money demand functionis given by Md = $Y10.35 - i2Derive the demand for bonds. Suppose the interest rate increases by 10 percentage points. What is the effect on her demand for bonds?b. What are the effects of an increase in income on her demand for money and her demand for bonds? Explain in wordsarrow_forward
- Driving Quiz X My Course G city place w x D2L Login - Univ X D2L Login - Univ x D2L Login - U acmillanlearning.com/ihub/assessment/f188d950-dd73-11e0-9572-0800200c9a66/4db68a5e-69bb-4767-8d6c-a12d +1687 pts /1800 © Macmillan Learning Question 6 of 18 > The graph shows the average total cost (ATC) curve, the marginal cost (MC) curve, the average variable cost (AVC) curve, and the marginal revenue (MR) curve (which is also the market price) for a perfectly competitive firm that produces terrible towels. Answer the three questions, assuming that the firm is profit-maximizing and does not shut down in the short run. What is the firm's total revenue? S What is the firm's total cost? $ What is the firm's profit? (Enter a negative number for a loss.) $ Price $320 $300 $200 $150 205 260 336 365 Quantity MC ATC AVC MR=Parrow_forward1. Suppose that the two nations face the following benefits of pollution, B, and costs of abatement, C: BN = 10, Bs = 7; CN = 5, Cs = 4. Further assume that if the nation chooses to abate pollution, it still receives the benefits of pollution but now must pay the cost of abatement as well. a. Identify the payoffs that accrue to each nation under the four different possible outcomes of the game and present these payoffs in the normal form of the game. b. Recall that the term dominant strategy defines the condition that a player in a game would prefer to play that strategy (in this case either pollute or abate) regardless of the strategy chosen by the other player in the game. Does either nation have a dominant strategy in this game? If so, what is it? c. Identify the Nash equilibria, or non-cooperative equilibria, of this game.arrow_forwardagrody calming Inted 001 and me 2. A homeowner is concerned about the various air pollutants (e.g., benzene and methane) released in her house when she cooks with natural gas. She is considering replacing her gas oven and stove with an electric stove comprising an induction cooktop and convection oven. The new appliance costs $900 to purchase and install. Capping the old gas line costs an additional $150 (a one-time fee). The old line must be inspected for leaks each year after capping, at a cost of $35 for each inspection. a. If the homeowner plans to remain in the house for four more years and the discount rate is 4%, what is the minimum present value of the benefits that the homeowner would need to experience for this purchase to be justified based on its private net sub present value? b. While trying to understand how she might express the value of reduced exposure to indoor air pollutants in dollar terms, the homeowner consulted the EPA website and found estimates provided by…arrow_forward
- After the ban is imposed, Joe’s firm switches to the more expensive biodegradable disposable cups. This increases the cost associated with each cup of coffee it produces. Which cost curve(s) will be impacted by the use of the more expensive biodegradable disposable cups? Why? Which cost curve(s) will not shift, and why not? Please use the table below to answer this question. For the second column (“Impacted? If so, how?”), please use one of the following three choices: No shift; Shifts up (i.e., increases: at nearly any given quantity, the cost goes up); or Shifts down (i.e., decreases: at nearly any given quantity, the cost goes down). $ Cost Curve Impacted? If so, how? Explanation of the Shift: Why or Why Not AFC No shift. Fix costs stay the same, regardless of quantity. Fixed cost is calculated as Fixed Cost/Quantity. Since fixed costs remain unchanged, AFC stays the same for each quantity. MC Shifts up. Since the biodegradable cups are more expensive, the…arrow_forwardStyrofoam is non-biodegradable and is not easily recyclable. Many cities and at least one state have enacted laws that ban the use of polystyrene containers. These locales understand that banning these containers will force many businesses to turn to other more expensive forms of packaging and cups, but argue the ban is environmentally important. Shane owns a firm with a conventional production function resulting in U-shaped ATC, AVC, and MC curves. Shane's business sells takeout food and drinks that are currently packaged in styrofoam containers and cups. Graph the short-run AFC0, AVC0, ATC0, and MC0 curves for Shane's firm before the ban on using styrofoam containers.arrow_forwardd-farrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781337617383Author:Roger A. ArnoldPublisher:Cengage Learning
Exploring EconomicsEconomicsISBN:9781544336329Author:Robert L. SextonPublisher:SAGE Publications, Inc
Microeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTa...EconomicsISBN:9781305506893Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. MacphersonPublisher:Cengage Learning
Economics (MindTap Course List)
Economics
ISBN:9781337617383
Author:Roger A. Arnold
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Exploring Economics
Economics
ISBN:9781544336329
Author:Robert L. Sexton
Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc
Microeconomics: Private and Public Choice (MindTa...
Economics
ISBN:9781305506893
Author:James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. Macpherson
Publisher:Cengage Learning