
Concept explainers
State whether the flow of air over the aircraft wings is internal or external flow. Also, state when is the flow of gases through the jet engine internal or external.

Explanation of Solution
Depending on the flow of fluid over a surface or in a restrained area, the fluid flow can be divided into two types. They are as follows:
- External flow.
- Internal flow.
Internal flow is referred to as the fluid flow in a duct, pipe or tube where the fluid is totally bounded by rigid surfaces.
External flow is referred to as fluid flow over surfaces of wire, pipe or plates where the fluid is not bounded by the surfaces.
The flow of air over the aircraft wings is external flow because the air flows over the surface of the aircraft wings, which is not bounded. The flow of gases through the jet engine is internal flow because the gases flow through the engine and is totally bounded by the surface of the engine.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences
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