Chapter 10, Problem 1LGP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures for all the organic products that would result when excess of $cis-1,3-\text{dimethylcyclohexane}$ and $cis-1,2-\text{dimethylcyclohexane}$ react with ${\text{Br}}_2$ and ${\text{Cl}}_2$ are to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The compounds that have the same molecular formula of atoms but the structure of the compounds are different for the positions of atoms are called isomers.

In double bond or cyclic compounds, if two same functional groups are present on the same side of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as cis.

If the two functional groups are present on the different sides of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as Trans.

Cis-trans isomerism exists in the compounds in which similar groups are present on the adjacent carbon atoms.

Chair conformations: It is the most stable conformation, which accurately shows the spatial arrangement of atoms.

Equatorial bonds are parallel to the average plane of the ring, while axial bonds are perpendicular to the average plane of the ring.

The conformation having bonds at the equatorial positions are more stable than those with bonds at the axial position.

On flipping the cyclohexane ring, axial bonds become equatorial bonds and equatorial bonds becomes axial bond.

Bulkier group acquires equatorial positions to form stable conformer due to steric factors.

A type of halogenation in which alkanes and aromatics, which are alkyl substituted, react chemically in presence of light is known as free radical halogenation. It involves chain initiation, propagation and termination steps in its whole mechanism.

Homolytic fission is that fission in which each atom in the bond has an electron which results in species called free radical.

In heterolytic fission, when covalent bond is broken, the shared pair of electron is taken by one of the atoms.