Biology: Life on Earth
Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Chapter 10, Problem 1FTB

Fill-in-the-Blank

The physical position of a gene on a chromosome is called its_______. Alternative forms of a gene are called __________. These alternative forms of genes arise as___________, which are changes in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. LO1

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Summary Introduction

To review:

The given blank space in the statement, “The physical position of a gene on a chromosome is called _______. Alternative forms of a gene are called _______. These alternative forms of genes arise as ___________, which are changes in the nucleotide sequence of a gene.”

Introduction:

Gene is the biological unit of heredity. These are present on the chromosomes inside the nucleus in the eukaryotes. The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), in turn, is present in the genes. Genes are always present in two copies for a particular trait.

Explanation of Solution

A gene is made up of three DNA bases (example, AUG, TGG, GCG, ACT), which codes for a single amino acid. These triplet bases are present on the DNA and are known as codon when present on the mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid). The place or spot where genes are present on the chromosomes is called locus. A locus marks the physical position of the gene on the chromosome.

The multiple forms of genes are known as alleles. They arise due to a mutation in the nucleotide sequence of the genes. These alleles are inherited from the parents, who contain either homozygous or heterozygous forms of these alleles. These alleles give variation to the newly formed organism as a result of reproduction. The changes in the sequence of the nucleotides or the replacement/removal of a base pair result in a mutation in the nucleotide sequence.

Conclusion

The physical position of a gene on a chromosome is called a locus. Alternative forms of a gene are called alleles. These alternative forms of genes arise as mutation, which are changes in the nucleotide sequence of a gene.

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