Chemistry: Atoms First
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168154
Author: Richard Langley, Klaus Theopold, Paul Flowers
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 1E
In terms of their bulk properties, how do liquids and solids differ? How are they similar?
Expert Solution & Answer
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The difference and similarities between liquid and solidisto be determined.
Concept introduction:
Solid state: A physical state of matter where potential energy is greater than kinetic energy is known as solid state.
In the solid state of matter,the interaction between the atoms,molecules, or ions is very strong.
Liquid state: A physical state of matter where potential energy is equal to kinetic energy is known as liquid state.
In the liquid state of matter, the interaction betweenthe atoms, molecules or ionsis weak.
Explanation of Solution
A state of matter where potential energy is more than kinetic energy is known as solid state.
A state of matter where potential energy and kinetic energy both are equal is known as liquid state.
The liquid and solid are differ in the following ways:
- The liquid has definite volume with indefinite shape while solid has definite volume and shape.
- The liquid shows high compressibility than solid.
- The liquid shows high thermal expansion than solid.
Similarities:
Liquid and solid both are states of matter which contains molecules, atom, etc and both the states have a definite volume.
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111
States of Matter
Understanding conceptual components of the enthalpy of solution
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A small amount of acetonitrile (CH, CN) is dissolved in a large amount of water. Imagine separating this process into the four stages sketched below. (These
sketches show only a portion of the substances, so you can see the density and distribution of atoms and molecules in them.)
CH,CN
H₂O
B
88
C
Use these sketches to answer the questions in the table below.
The enthalpy of solution AH is negative
soln
when CH3CN dissolves in water. Use this
information to list the stages in order of increasing
enthalpy.
Would heat be absorbed or released if the system
moved from Stage C to D?
What force would oppose or favor the system
moving from Stage C to D? Check all that apply.
1
absorbed
O released
neither absorbed nor released.
none
O ionic bonding force
covalent bonding force…
In a system with an anodic overpotential, the variation of ŋ as a function of
the current density:
1. at low fields is linear 2. at higher fields, it follows Tafel's law
Find the range of current densities for which the overpotential has the same
value as when calculated for cases 1 and 2 (maximum relative difference of
5% with respect to the behavior for higher fields). To which overpotential
range does this correspond?
Data: 10 = 1.5 mA cm², T = 300°C, ẞ = 0.64, R = 8.314 J K 1 mol¹ and F = 96485
C mol-1.
Indicate 10.6 with only one significant figure.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
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