Micro Economics For Today
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337613064
Author: Tucker, Irvin B.
Publisher: Cengage,
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Chapter 10, Problem 11SQP
To determine
The
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Suppose Canon raised the price of its printers, but Hewlett-Packard (the largest seller) refused to follow. Two years later, Canon cut its
price, and Hewlett-Packard retaliated with an even deeper price cut, which Canon was forced to match. For the next five years, Hewlett-
Packard raised its prices five times, and each time, Canon followed suit within 24 hours.
The model underlying the pricing behavior of these firms is the:
Cartel model
O Perfect competition model
Nonprice competition model
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Gotcha, the only seller of stun guns, faces the inverse market demand curve, P = 400 - 120, where Q measures the number
of stun guns sold per day, and P is the price per stun gun. The marginal cost is constant at $64. Suppose a new firm, Ouchy,
enters the stun gun market. Ouchy's marginal cost is also constant at $64. Gotcha and Ouchy agree to form a cartel and
evenly split the market output. Gotcha holds to the agreement, but Ouchy decides to produce 5 more stun guns than its level
under the cartel agreement. In this case, the market price is $.
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Breakdown of a cartel agreement
Consider a town in which only two residents, Darnell and Eleanor, own wells that produce water safe for drinking. Darnell and Eleanor can pump and sell as much water as they want at no cost. For them, total revenue equals profit. The following table shows the town's demand schedule for water.
(base to table 1)
Suppose Darnell and Eleanor form a cartel and behave as a monopolist. The profit-maximizing price is $_____ per gallon, and the total output is _____ gallons. As part of their cartel agreement, Darnell and Eleanor agree to split production equally. Therefore, Darnell's profit is $_______, and Eleanor's profit is $______.
Suppose that Darnell and Eleanor have been successfully operating as a cartel. They each charge the monopoly price and sell half of the monopoly quantity. Then one night before going to sleep, Darnell says to himself, "Eleanor and I aren't the best of friends anyway. If I increase my production to 45 gallons more than…
Chapter 10 Solutions
Micro Economics For Today
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1YTECh. 10.5 - Prob. 1GECh. 10.6 - Prob. 1YTECh. 10 - Prob. 1SQPCh. 10 - Prob. 2SQPCh. 10 - Prob. 3SQPCh. 10 - Prob. 4SQPCh. 10 - Prob. 5SQPCh. 10 - Prob. 6SQPCh. 10 - Prob. 7SQP
Ch. 10 - Prob. 8SQPCh. 10 - Prob. 9SQPCh. 10 - Prob. 10SQPCh. 10 - Prob. 11SQPCh. 10 - Prob. 12SQPCh. 10 - Prob. 13SQPCh. 10 - Prob. 1SQCh. 10 - Prob. 2SQCh. 10 - Prob. 3SQCh. 10 - Prob. 4SQCh. 10 - Prob. 5SQCh. 10 - Prob. 6SQCh. 10 - Prob. 7SQCh. 10 - Prob. 8SQCh. 10 - Prob. 9SQCh. 10 - An oligopoly is a market structure in which a. one...Ch. 10 - Prob. 11SQCh. 10 - A common characteristic of oligopolies is a....Ch. 10 - Prob. 13SQCh. 10 - Prob. 14SQCh. 10 - Prob. 15SQCh. 10 - Prob. 16SQCh. 10 - Prob. 17SQCh. 10 - Prob. 18SQCh. 10 - Prob. 19SQCh. 10 - The kinked oligopoly demand curve is a result of...
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- The table shows a hypothetical demand schedule for monosodium glutamate (MSG). Ajinomoto holds 50% of the market, Jiali holds 30% of the market, and Quingdao holds 20% of the market. Suppose the three firms agree to form a cartel to fix production of monosodium glutamate. Assume marginal cost equals zero, and the output is split equally across the firms. What quantity maximizes the cartel's profit? Price of MSG ($ per pound) Quantity of MSG demanded (millions of pounds) $8 0 $7 20 $6 30 $5 40 $4 60 $3 90 $2 110 $1 180 $0 300 __________million poundsarrow_forwardConsider a hypothetical demand schedule for monosodium glutamate (MSG). Suppose that Ajinomoto holds 50% of the market, Jiali holds 30% of the market, and Quingdao holds 20% of the market. Suppose the three firms agree to form a cartel to fix production of monosodium glutamate. Assume marginal cost equals zero, and the output is split equally across the firms. Price of MSG ($ per pound) Quantity of MSG demanded (millions of pounds) $8 0 $7 20 $6 30 $5 40 $4 60 $3 90 $2 110 $1 180 $0 300 What quantity maximizes the cartel's profit? a.110 million pounds b.90 million pounds c.300 million pounds d.20 million pounds Suppose Ajinomoto's marginal cost remains equal to zero, but for Jiali and Quingdao, marginal costs rise above zero. How would this affect the incentive of Ajinimoto to act noncooperatively and change its output? a.Ajinomoto will have an incentive to increase its output of MSG. b.Ajinomoto will not have an incentive to change its…arrow_forwardConsider the curve shown in the figure below, which shows the market demand, marginal cost, and marginal revenue curve for firms in an oligopolistic industry. (MC curve is horizontal because it is assumed that the fixed costs are 0 for all firms and the AVC is constant, so ATC=AVC=MC.) Suppose the firms collude to form a cartel. What price will the cartel charge? What quantity will the cartel supply? How much profit will the cartel earn? Suppose now that the cartel breaks up and the oligopolistic firms compete as vigorously as possible by cutting the price and increasing sales. What will the industry quantity and price be? What will the collective profits be of all firms in the industry? Compare the equilibrium price, quantity, and profit for the cartel and cutthroat competition outcomes.arrow_forward
- The opioid epidemic causing a staggering number of deaths each year in the United States is largely caused by two drugs: heroin and fentanyl. Much of the heroin is supplied by several major organized Mexican cartels while the much stronger fentanyl is mostly produced in hundreds of labs (big and small) in China. The market structure for heroin can be considered as an oligopoly that operates as a monopoly. On the other hand, the fentanyl industry is less organized in terms of cartel organization and therefore more competitive. How do the differences in the organization of both industries explain why deaths from fentanyl have skyrocketed in recent years? The organized heroin cartel A.does not have barriers to market entry. The more competitive fentanyl industry has substantial barriers to entry, making fentanyl a more available drug. B.has the ability to control quantity and raise the prices. The more competitive fentanyl industry makes more of the drug available at a lower…arrow_forwardThe table shows a hypothetical demand schedule for monosodium glutamate (MSG). Ajinomoto holds 5050% of the market, Jiali holds 3030% of the market, and Quingdao holds 2020% of the market. Suppose the three firms agree to form a cartel to fix production of monosodium glutamate. Assume marginal cost equals zero, and the output is split equally across the firms. What quantity maximizes the cartel's profit? Price of MSG ($ per pound) Quantity of MSG demanded (millions of pounds) $8$8 00 $7$7 2020 $6$6 3030 $5$5 4040 $4$4 6060 $3$3 9090 $2$2 110110 $1$1 180180 $0$0 300300 million pounds million pounds Suppose Ajinomoto's marginal cost remains equal to zero, but for Jiali and Quingdao, marginal costs rise above zero. How would this affect the incentive of Ajinomoto to act noncooperatively and change its output? Ajinomoto will not have an incentive to change its output. Ajinomoto will have an incentive to increase its output of MSG.…arrow_forwardPlease answer fastarrow_forward
- Consider a duopolistic market with an inverse demand curve P(Q) = 460 − 4Qand constant marginal costs for each firm that are given by MC(Q) = 10.Assume fixed costs are negligible. The two identical firms are competing in this market by choosing their production quantities simultaneously. In the equilibrium, each firm produces 37.5 units and the prevailing market price is 160. How would the joint profits of these two firms change if they successfully formed a cartel? Change in joint profits: ? (Enter your answer rounded to two decimal places; include a negative sign if appropriate.)arrow_forwardOne of the most famous cartels of the past 50 years is OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. The members of OPEC are countries rather than individual businesses. Oil Ministers from each of the countries meet regularly to establish how much each oil each country will produce each month (the amount each country agrees to produce is called its quota). Saudi Arabia is the largest oil-producing country in OPEC. Why does Saudi Arabia usually produce less than its quota each month?arrow_forwardConsider an oligopoly in which firms choose quantities. The inverse market demand curve is given by P = a - b (9₁ +92), where 9₁ is the quantity produced by Firm 1, and 92 is the quantity produced by Firm 2. Each firm has a marginal cost equal to c. 1. What is the equilibrium market quantity if the two firms acted as a cartel (i.e., attempt to set prices and outputs together to maximize total industry profits). How about the equilibrium market price? 2. Instead of cartel, suppose now firm 1 acts as the leader and firm 2 acts as the follower. What is the Stackelberg equilibrium quantities determined by each firm? What is the equilibrium market price? π2 3. Find using the Stackelberg quantities and price. Whose profit is higher?arrow_forward
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