Chapter 10, Problem 10.4P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Conditions for an atom to expand its valence shell is to be determined. Also, among the $\text{F}$, $\text{S}$, $\text{H}$, $\text{Al}$, $\text{Se}$ and $\text{Cl}$ the atom that can expand its valence shell is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The outermost shell of the atom where the last electron resides is known as valence shell. In valence shell, valence electrons are loosely bound to the nucleus. The valence shell can be expanded when the valence electrons gain energy and move to the higher energy level such as d-orbital.