Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614053
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Stacey Lowery Bretz, Natalie Foster
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Question
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.20VP
Interpretation Introduction

To find:

a) Describe the changes in T,V, n  and/or  P represented by each arrow.

b)  Explain why pressure does not change during the E→B, E→F, E→[I] transitions.

c) Explain why the pressure is decreased during E→A. E→C, E→Gand E→H transitions.

d) Explain why the pressure is increased during the E→[D] transition.

e) Explain if the root-mean-square speed of the molecule in the [E] cylinder increases, decreases, or remains the same in the E→[A] transition.

f) Explain why the molecules in E or [I] are moving with more root-mean-square speed.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 10.20VP

Solution:

a)

In transition E→[A], P decreases, V increases.

In transition E→[B], T decreases, V decreases.

In transition E→[C], P decreases, T decreases, and  V Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition), Chapter 10, Problem 10.20VP increases.

In transition E→[D], P increases, T increases.

In transition E→[F], n increases, V increases.

In transition E→[G], n decreases, V decreases.

In transition E→[H], P decreases, T decreases.

In transition E→[I], V increases, T increases.

b) If T decreases, V also decreases, therefore, the pressure does not change for transition E→B. For transition E→I, T increases, V increases.Therefore, pressure does not change. According to Avogadro’s law, n increases, V increases. Therefore, the pressure for transition E→F does not change.

c) In transitions E→A and  E→[G], volume increases. Therefore, it will decrease the pressure. According to the Amonton’s law, if temperature decreases, it will decrease the pressure for transitions E→[C] and E→[H].

d) Temperature is increasing. Therefore, it will increase the pressure for E→[D] transition.

e) In E→[A] transition, there is no change in temperature. Therefore, root-mean-square speed of molecules remains the same.

f) More molecules are moving at the root-mean-square speed in [E].

Explanation of Solution

a) As per gas laws:

In transition E→[A], P decreases, V increases.

In transition E→[B], T decreases, V decreases.

In transition E→[C], P decreases, T decreases, and V increases.

In transition E→[D], P increases, T increases.

In transition E→[F], n increases, V increases.

In transition E→[G], n decreases, V decreases.

In transition E→[H], P decreases, T decreases.

In transition E→[I], V increases, T increases.

b) According to Charles’s law,V∝T.

So, if T decreases, V also decreases. Therefore, the pressure does not change for transition E→B. For transition E→I, T increases so V increases. Therefore, the pressure does not change. According to Avogadro’s law, n increases so V increases. Therefore, the pressure for transition E→[F] does not change.

c) According to the Boyle’s law,P∝V. In transitions E→A and  E→[G], volume increases. Therefore, it will decrease the pressure. According to the Amonton’s law, if temperature decreases, it will decrease the pressure for transitions E→[C] and E→[H].

d) According to the Amonton’s law, temperature is increasing. Therefore, it will increase the pressure for E→[D] transition.

e) In E→[A] transition, there is no change in the temperature. Therefore, the root-mean-square speed of molecules remains the same.

f) The fraction of molecules moving at the root-mean-square speed increases as the temperature decreases. So, more molecules are moving at the root-mean-square speed in [E].

Conclusion:

We use the changes in each given transition and different gas laws to find out the changes in pressure, volume, moles, and temperature in all transitions.

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Chapter 10 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)

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