Chapter 10, Problem 10.1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ${\text{PCl}}_{\text{5}}$ molecule is whether a polar molecule has to be determined using VSEPR theory.

Concept introduction:

Polar covalent bond involves an unequal sharing of electrons between two bonded atoms; it creates a partial separation of charge and a dipole moment.

Covalent bonds are polar, if there is a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.

Direction of dipole moment in a molecule is can be represented as follows,

• Molecular geometry is the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule. It is the three dimensional arrangement of bonded atoms. Many chemical, physical and even biological properties depend on molecular geometry.
• Using VSEPR theory and Lewis structure, the exact geometry of a molecule can be obtained.
• In VSEPR, the geometry of the molecule is explained based on minimizing electrostatic repulsion between the molecules’ valence electrons around a central atom
• Bond angle is the angle between two bonds of a molecule and it is determined based on the electron-domain geometry.

  [Bond angles: tetrahedral = $\text{109}{\text{.5}}^{\text{o}}$, trigonal planar = ${\text{120}}^{\text{o}}$, T-shape = ${\text{90}}^{\text{o}}$ ]