Chapter 10, Problem 10.1P

To determine

To write:

All the steps followed in adjusting a closed traverse

Explanation of Solution

The steps followed in adjusting a closed traverse are listed below:

Step 1: Estimate the sum of interior angles and geometrical correct sum and adjust with the difference with each measure interior angle.

$\text{Geometric correct sum=(}n\text{-2)}\times \text{180, where }n\text{=number of sides of polygon}$

Step 2: Calculate bearings if azimuths are measured

Step 3: Estimate latitude and departure of each traverse line

$\begin{array}{l}Latitude=\mathrm{Cos}\theta \times Length\\ Deparature=\mathrm{Sin}\theta \times Length\text{, where }\theta \text{=Bearing angle}\end{array}$

Step 4: Calculate error of closure (E)

$\begin{array}{l}E(\text{Latitude})={\displaystyle \sum \text{latitudes}}\\ E(\text{Deparature})={\displaystyle \sum \text{departure}}\\ \text{E (Linear)=}\sqrt{{\left({\displaystyle \sum \text{latitudes}}\right)}^2+{\left({\displaystyle \sum \text{departure}}\right)}^2}\\ \end{array}$

Step 5: Compute the error ratio and check with the allowable error ratio

Step 6: By following the compass rule estimate the correction in latitude and departure

$\text{Correction in latitude=}\frac{Traverselength}{Totalperimeter}\times E(Latitudes)$

$\text{Correction in departure=}\frac{Traverselength}{Totalperimeter}\times E(departure)$

Step 7: Calculate the total corrected latitude and departure of the traverse using the correction estimated in Step 6.

Step 8: In the last calculate the area of the closed traverse.