Elementary Surveying (14th Edition)
Elementary Surveying (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780133758887
Author: Charles D. Ghilani, Paul R. Wolf
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.1P
To determine

To write:

All the steps followed in adjusting a closed traverse

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

The steps followed in adjusting a closed traverse are listed below:

Step 1: Estimate the sum of interior angles and geometrical correct sum and adjust with the difference with each measure interior angle.

Geometric correct sum=(n-2)×180, where n=number of sides of polygon

Step 2: Calculate bearings if azimuths are measured

Step 3: Estimate latitude and departure of each traverse line

Latitude=Cosθ×LengthDeparature=Sinθ×Length, where θ=Bearing angle

Step 4: Calculate error of closure (E)

E(Latitude)=latitudesE(Deparature)=departureE (Linear)=latitudes2+departure2

Step 5: Compute the error ratio and check with the allowable error ratio

Step 6: By following the compass rule estimate the correction in latitude and departure

Correction in latitude=Traverse lengthTotal perimeter ×E(Latitudes)

Correction in departure=Traverse lengthTotal perimeter ×E(departure)

Step 7: Calculate the total corrected latitude and departure of the traverse using the correction estimated in Step 6.

Step 8: In the last calculate the area of the closed traverse.

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