Out of the two given ketones , A and B, which ketone will undergo bromination faster under acidic conditions is to be determined. Concept introduction: Alpha halogenation is the halogenation at the alpha carbon atom of an aldehyde or a ketone under acidic conditions. Under these conditions, a negatively charged enolate ion is highly basic and cannot exist at substantial concentrations. However, the alpha carbon atom of a ketone can still become electron-rich via acid-catalyzed keto-enol tautomerism. Under the acidic conditions, the first step is the protonation of carbonyl oxygen. In the second step, the acetate ions serve as a base and abstract an alpha proton from ketone; this yields an enol form. In the enol form, the alpha carbon is electron rich due to the small contribution by the resonance structure in which a negative charge and a lone pair of electrons are located on the alpha carbon. Alpha halogenation occurs only once as the electron withdrawing effect of bromine destabilizes the positive charge if the carbonyl oxygen gets protonated further. This reduces the chances of the second halogenation.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 10, Problem 10.10YT

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Out of the two given ketones, A and B, which ketone will undergo bromination faster under acidic conditions is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Alpha halogenation is the halogenation at the alpha carbon atom of an aldehyde or a ketone under acidic conditions. Under these conditions, a negatively charged enolate ion is highly basic and cannot exist at substantial concentrations. However, the alpha carbon atom of a ketone can still become electron-rich via acid-catalyzed keto-enol tautomerism.

Under the acidic conditions, the first step is the protonation of carbonyl oxygen. In the second step, the acetate ions serve as a base and abstract an alpha proton from ketone; this yields an enol form. In the enol form, the alpha carbon is electron rich due to the small contribution by the resonance structure in which a negative charge and a lone pair of electrons are located on the alpha carbon. Alpha halogenation occurs only once as the electron withdrawing effect of bromine destabilizes the positive charge if the carbonyl oxygen gets protonated further. This reduces the chances of the second halogenation.

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424 Repon Sheet Rates of Chemical Reactions : Rate and Order of 1,0, Deception B. Effect of Temperature BATH TEMPERATURE 35'c Yol of Oh نام Time 485 Buret rend ing(n) 12 194 16. 6 18 20 10 22 24 14 115 95 14738 2158235 8:26 CMS 40148 Total volume of 0, collected Barometric pressure 770-572 ml mm Hg Vapor pressure of water at bath temperature (see Appendix L) 42.2 Slope Compared with the rate found for solution 1, there is Using the ideal gas law, calculate the moles of O; collected (show calculations) times faster 10 Based on the moles of O, evolved, calculate the molar concentration of the original 3% 1,0, solution (sho calculations)

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 10, Problem 10.10YT

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Out of the two given ketones, A and B, which ketone will undergo bromination faster under acidic conditions is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Alpha halogenation is the halogenation at the alpha carbon atom of an aldehyde or a ketone under acidic conditions. Under these conditions, a negatively charged enolate ion is highly basic and cannot exist at substantial concentrations. However, the alpha carbon atom of a ketone can still become electron-rich via acid-catalyzed keto-enol tautomerism.

Under the acidic conditions, the first step is the protonation of carbonyl oxygen. In the second step, the acetate ions serve as a base and abstract an alpha proton from ketone; this yields an enol form. In the enol form, the alpha carbon is electron rich due to the small contribution by the resonance structure in which a negative charge and a lone pair of electrons are located on the alpha carbon. Alpha halogenation occurs only once as the electron withdrawing effect of bromine destabilizes the positive charge if the carbonyl oxygen gets protonated further. This reduces the chances of the second halogenation.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 10, Problem 10.10YT

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Out of the two given ketones, A and B, which ketone will undergo bromination faster under acidic conditions is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Alpha halogenation is the halogenation at the alpha carbon atom of an aldehyde or a ketone under acidic conditions. Under these conditions, a negatively charged enolate ion is highly basic and cannot exist at substantial concentrations. However, the alpha carbon atom of a ketone can still become electron-rich via acid-catalyzed keto-enol tautomerism.

Under the acidic conditions, the first step is the protonation of carbonyl oxygen. In the second step, the acetate ions serve as a base and abstract an alpha proton from ketone; this yields an enol form. In the enol form, the alpha carbon is electron rich due to the small contribution by the resonance structure in which a negative charge and a lone pair of electrons are located on the alpha carbon. Alpha halogenation occurs only once as the electron withdrawing effect of bromine destabilizes the positive charge if the carbonyl oxygen gets protonated further. This reduces the chances of the second halogenation.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 10, Problem 10.10YT

Interpretation Introduction