Chapter 1, Problem 9PSA

a.

To determine

Accounting Equation:

The accounting equation represents the asset side on the left and liabilities and equity on the right side. The basic principle is that all the assets when debited, are increased, and are decreased when credited.

For liability accounts, it is increased when credited and decreased when debited.

Equity accounts are increased by net profit earned, further capital contribution, and decreased by the net loss suffered, dividend distributions, and withdrawals.

Requirement 1

To Create:

A table summarizing the transactions from 1^st Dec through 31^st Dec in accounting equation format and drawing balances for each account after every transaction occurred.

b.

To determine

Income Statement:

The income statement is one of the primary financial statements to determine the net operating results, i.e., profit or loss. All the revenue items and expense items are shown here and the expenses are subtracted from the revenues to determine the net profit or loss. When the revenues exceed the expenses, it will be treated as a profit and a loss will occur in case the expenses exceed the revenue.

Statement of Retained Earnings:

Statement of retained earnings forms part of the financial statement that is prepared as per the applicable financial reporting framework. This statement shows the changes in the retained earnings of the entity for a particular period. It starts with the beginning balance and net income is added to it (in case of loss, it is subtracted). Any dividend distributions are subtracted and the ending balance of retained earnings is reported on the statement of financial position at the period-end.

Balance Sheet:

A balance sheet or statement of financial position is an important part of the financial statements which shows the entity’s position drawn at a particular date. It has two components, namely assets and liabilities & equity. On the asset side, current and non-current assets are shown. On the liabilities and equity side, both current and non-current liabilities are shown under the subcategory of liabilities and equity, and retained earnings are housed under the subcategory of equity.

Requirement 2

To prepare:

Income statement, Statement of retained earnings, and the Balance sheet at the end of the month of December.

c.

To determine

Statement of Cash Flows:

Statement of cash flows is a report showing changes in cash and cash equivalents for a particular period. The changes in cash can be due to different business activities that are classifiable under three categories.

Requirement 3

To Prepare:

Statement of cash flows for Sony Electric as of December 31^st.

d.

To determine

Types of Financing:

A business entity can raise its finances through either issuing stocks or by taking out a loan or borrowings from banks or financial institutions. Each one of such forms of financing has its advantages and disadvantages and the capital structure also plays a pivotal role in operating leverage.

Requirement 4

To compute:

The dollar effect of the changes in capital raising on the month-end amounts for total assets, total liabilities, and total equity.