Chapter 1, Problem 78P

Hydrocarbon A possesses a signicant dipole, even though it is composed of only C–C and C – H bonds. Explain why the dipole arises and use resonance structures to illustrate the direction of the dipole. Which ring is more electron rich?

Draw the curved arrows to show the resonance structure for the following molecules. ( there are 3 molecules )

The following is generic depiction of a reaction using the curve arrow formalism. -D Which of these statements is not correct for this reaction? Electrons move from C to B. Electrons move from B to A. O In the products, a bond forms between C and B. O In the products, A would have a positive charge.

3. Circle the polar functional group in the following and identify them. (a) Br-CH2-CHz-COOH (b) CH3-CH2-CH2-NH- CH2-SH

Draw all resonance contributors for each of the following molecules or ions. Be sure to include the curved arrows thatindicate which pairs of electrons are shifted in going from one resonance structure to the next.(a) CH3NO2(b) CH3CO-2(c) CH3CHCHCH-2(the ion has two C-C single bonds)(d) C5H5N (a ring is formed by the C and N atoms, and each H is bonded to C)(e) C4H5N (a ring is formed by the C and N atoms, the N is bonded to one H, and each C is bonded to one H)

Carbon bonds to many elements other than itself.(a) Name six elements that commonly bond to carbon in organiccompounds.(b) Which of these elements are heteroatoms?(c) Which of these elements are more electronegative than car-bon? Less electronegative?(d) How does bonding of carbon to heteroatoms increase thenumber of organic compounds?

Determining the Relative Energy of Resonance Structures and the Hybrid Draw a second resonance structure for carbocation A, as well as the hybrid of both resonance structures. Then use Rules [1]–[3] to rank the relative stability of both resonance structures and the hybrid.

1) Draw the major resonance structure for the following compound; include lone pairs of electrons, formal charges, and hydrogen atoms. 2) Add curved arrows to both structures to show the delocalization of electron pairs H3C

Click the "draw structure" button to launch the drawing utility. The curved arrow notation is a powerful method used by organic chemists to show the movement of electrons not only in resonance structures, but also in chemical reactions. Since each curved arrow shows the movement of two electrons, following the curved arrows illustrates the bonds that are broken and formed in the reaction. Consider the following reaction. Use the curved arrows drawn in the reaction to draw the structure of X. X is converted in the following step to phenol and HCI. HO H CF + H-CF phenol