Chapter 1, Problem 73IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridization of all atoms except $C,\text{}Hand\text{}O$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Formal charge is the charge calculated for an atom in a Lewis structure on the basis of an equal sharing of bonded electron pairs.

Steps in assigning a formal charge

• Valence electron has to be known.
• Actual number of valence electron in the given case has to be known.
• Assign the formal charge.

The steric number is the combination of both number of $\sigma$ -bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

• If the steric number is 4, the central atom is $s{p}^3$ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.
• If the steric number is 3, the central atom is sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.
• If the steric number is 2, the central atom is sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The bond angle of each $\text{C-N-C}$ bond in the product has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electron groups around the central atom repel each other.

Electron groups are spaced away to minimize the repulsion-Valance shell electron pair repulsion theory.

VSEPR theory can predict the shape and bond angles in a molecule.

A bond angle is the angle defined by lines joining the centers of two atoms to a third atom to which they are bonded.

$s{p}^3$ hybridized=    tetrahedral

    trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

    bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

$s{p}^2$ hybridized=    trigonal planar

$sp$ hybridized=    linear