Chapter 1, Problem 61P

The valence shell of an atom in a legitimate Lewis structure (see Figure 2.3) has what in commonwith the valence shell of a noble gas? (Noble gases are stable elements found in the last column ofthe periodic table, e.g., He, Ne, Ar, etc.)

3-106 Consider the structure of Penicillin G shown below, an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by gram-positive organisms, derived from Penicillium fungi: (a) Identify the various types of geometries present in each central atom using VSEPR theory. (b) Determine the various relative bond angles associated with each central atom using VSEPR theory (c) Which is the most poiar bond in Penicillin G? (d) Would you predict Penicillin G to be polar or nonpolar?

Consider the following compounds: CO2, SO2, KrF2, SO3, NF3, IF3, CF4, SF4, XeF4, PF5, TF5, and SCl6. These 12 compounds are all examples of different molecular structures. Draw the Lewis structures for each and predict the molecular structures. Predict the bond angles and the polarity of each. (A polar molecule has a net dipole moment, while a nonpolar molecule does not.) See Exercises 25 and 26 for the molecular structures based on the trigonal bipyramid and the octahedral geometries.

In addition to CO, CO2, and C3O2, there is another molecular oxide of carbon, pentacarbon dioxide, C5O2, a yellow solid. (a) What is the approximate C-to-C-to-O bond angle in pentacarbon dioxide? (b) What is the approximate C-to-C-to-C bond angle in this compound?

Are the structures below polar or nonpolar? Circle the polar ones. Explain why the are polar and indicate the direction of all polar bonds.

Fill in the lone pairs needed to give the main group elements (except hydrogen) an octet. Glycerol is a product of the metabolism of fats. Acrylamide is used to make polyacrylamide, which is used in some cosmetics and food packaging.

Draw one valid Lewis structure for each compound. Assume the atomsare arranged as drawn.

Fill in the lone pairs needed to give the main group elements (except hydrogen) an octet. Acrylonitrile is a starting material used to manufacture synthetic Orlon and Acrilan fi bers. Cysteine is an amino acid used to synthesize proteins.

Ethyl acetate, C4H;O2, is a fragrant substance used both as a solvent and as an aroma enhancer. Its Lewis structure is (Figure 1). Figure 1 of 1 :Ö: H H-C-C-O-C-C-H нн H. нн