Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780135214084
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Maier
Publisher: PEARSON+
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 1, Problem 3AAATB
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The conclusion from a positive correlation between BDNF levels and running distance.
Introduction:
BDNF is a protein present in humans. It is also known as Brain-derived neurotrophic factor. It is programmed by the BDNF gene. It is a neurotrophin family member (growth factors family). It is associated with the growth factor of canonical nerve. Neurotrophic factors are present in the periphery and the brain.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Researchers investigating the effect of exercise on cognitive functions conducted a con-
trolled experiment in which rats were randomly assigned to sedentary (Sed), low-intensity
exercise (Low-Ex), or high-intensity exercise (High-Ex) groups. During this exercise regi-
ment, rats were also trained to navigate a specialized water maze, and their escape la
tency, the time it took them to escape the maze, was recorded. The results of this experi-
ment are depicted in the figure below.
escape latency (sec)
100
80
60-
40-
20
0-
day 10
day 11
Escape latencies during the training phase
Based on the data above,
day 12
(b) Identify the control group in the experiment.
sed
-- low-ex
-- high-ex
(a) Identify the dependent and independent variables in the experiment.
day 13
Respond to each part in 3 to 4 complete sentences.
(c) Compare the effects of low-intensity and high-intensity exercise on the rats' cognitive func-
tion during the training period.
write an abstract regarding the two diffrent studies provided
List four factors that might influence the reaction time to a stimulus .Consider the ruler drop response
time test you performed; do you believe it was valid and reliable? Why or why not ? Provide
justifications for your answer.
[Hints: Here are a few ideas. Will you conduct many tests on the same subjects (that means the people
you are testing))? Is it necessary to use averages? Are there any precautions to take? [Are there any
variables that must remain constant?]
Chapter 1 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 1 - Add labels to the figure that follows, which...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is an example of inductive...Ch. 1 - A scientific hypothesis is ___________. an...Ch. 1 - How is a scientific theory different from a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 5LTBCh. 1 - If I perform a hypothesis test in which I...Ch. 1 - Prob. 7LTBCh. 1 - Prob. 8LTBCh. 1 - A relationship between two factors, for instance,...Ch. 1 - A primary source of scientific results is...
Ch. 1 - Prob. 11LTBCh. 1 - What features of the story on milk chocolate and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1AAATBCh. 1 - In an experiment examining vitamin C as a cold...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3AAATBCh. 1 - Prob. 1GFOCh. 1 - Much of the research on common cold prevention and...Ch. 1 - The science that you learned in this chapter has...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In the discussion section the authors wrote “The prevailing hypothesis about the action of tACS is the alternating fields can increase or decrease the power of oscillatory rhythms in the brain, and in a frequency-dependent manner, through synchronizing and desynchronizing neuronal networks [17].” a. Is the hypothesis a null hypothesis or an alternative/alternative hypothesis? b. By what word or words do you know that your answer to the question is correct? c. Why did you choose this word or words as an answer to the question?arrow_forwardThe acquisition of memories can be demonstrated in rodents on a T-maze task. In this task, a food reward is placed in one of two arms of a T. Over many trials, a rodent is required to learn which arm contains the reward. In an experiment to determine whether the gene Homeriav is involved in memory, a mouse was trained on a T-maze. The results over five trials of training are shown: a. This task tests both innate and learned behaviors. Describe the innate behavior tested by this task. Explain how innate behaviors contribute to the survival of a species. b. A scientist reviewing this experiment notes that insufficient controls were performed to determine whether mutations in Homer1aV affects the function of physiological systems outside of the nervous system. Identify a physiological system outside of the nervous system that contributes to the performance of this task. Explain how the function of this system contributes to the task. c. Describe how the consumption of food by the rodent…arrow_forwardThe acquisition of memories can be demonstrated in rodents on a T-maze task. In this task, a food reward is placed in one of two arms of a T. Over many trials, a rodent is required to learn which arm contains the reward. In an experiment to determine whether the gene Homeriav is involved in memory, a mouse was trained on a T-maze. The results over five trials of training are shown: a. This task tests both innate and learned behaviors. Describe the innate behavior tested by this task. Explain how innate behaviors contribute to the survival of a species. b. A scientist reviewing this experiment notes that insufficient controls were performed to determine whether mutations in Homer1aV affects the function of physiological systems outside of the nervous system. Identify a physiological system outside of the nervous system that contributes to the performance of this task. Explain how the function of this system contributes to the task. c. Describe how the consumption of food by the rodent…arrow_forward
- 40. Use the diagram below for this question. In this research study, Jager et al. (Frontiers Psychiatry, 2019) used the elevated-plus maze test in mice to examine the effects of increasing doses of the psychostimulant known as methylphenidate (MPH). From the pictures and graph provided, what could they conclude? Elevated-plus maze test after acute treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) Time in Open Arms Venice Contra MPH 3mghg MPH 10 mg a. MPH significantly augmented anxiety in a dose-dependent manner. b. MPH significantly reduced anxiety in a dose-dependent manner. c. MPH significantly augmented depression in a dose-dependent manner. d. MPH significantly reduced depression in a dose-dependent manner. e. None of the above make sense.. % TotalTime Minearrow_forwardKirsch (2010) argues that in double-blind clinical trials to test the effects of antidepressants, a large fraction of patients figure out whether they have been given the antidepressant or the placebo by noticing the presence or absence of known side effects of the antidepressant. Doctors evaluating the patients are also able to determine which treatment patients are receiving. How might this situation affect the results of the clinical trial? Specifically, is the treatment effect (difference between the means of the antidepressant and placebo treatments) likely to be overestimated, underestimated, or unaffected by this knowledge?arrow_forwardThe reward pathway is a neuronal pathway implicated in addiction to recreational drugs. Explain the role of the reward pathway in behaviour related to reward and motivation and discuss the anatomical regions and molecular and cellular pathways involved. Explain how the reward pathway is involved in drug addiction and give examples of experimental approaches that are being used to study drug addiction. Use figures and diagrams to illustrate your answer. (This is a neuroscience question)arrow_forward
- Using microelectrodes, a researcher recorded nerve signals in four neurons in the brain . The neurons are called A, B, C, and D in the table below. A, B, and C all can transmit signals to D. In three experiments, the animal was stimulated in different ways. The number of nerve signals transmitted per second by each of the cells is recorded in the table. Write a short paragraph explaining the different results of the three experiment. 09arrow_forwardWhich of the following would you NOT expect with respect to variation in neural conduction velocity? Neural conduction speed increases over developmental time as Schwann cells synthesize myelin sheaths, insulating neurons Neural conduction velocity is higher in invertebrate species with insulating sheaths functionally equivalent to vertebrate myelin Neurons and species with larger axon diameters should have greater conduction velocities Neural networks with greater serial processing (i.e., lines of connecting neurons) should have greater neural conduction velocities. The thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) have a range of roles in regulating growth and metabolism. Thyroid hormones act throughout the body to regulate protein synthesis, long bone growth, and neural maturation. This represents an ______ effect of thyroid hormones. At the same time, through some unknown mechanism, application of thyroid hormones results in an immediate reduction in body temperature, which…arrow_forwardAlcohol addiction is a condition in which a person experiencesdependent on alcohol and difficult to control its consumption. On the other hand, excessive alcohol consumption in the long term can cause disturbances in brain performance, including disturbances in memory, attention, coordination, and locomotion. How does alcohol affect the functioning of nerve cells and the central nervous system? What is the mechanism that occurs? Based on information from the literature, analyze what will happen to coordination and locomotion in someone who is addicted to alcohol and consumes large amounts of alcohol over a long period of time.arrow_forward
- A researcher has designed a card choice task to better understand altered decision making in a group of patients who have sustained damage to their ventromedial prefrontal cortex (compared to a non-damaged control group). Participants complete 120 trials. On each trial they choose to flip over a card from one of two decks of face down cards labeled deck 1 and deck 2. Each card flipped over wins or loses an amount of money. In deck 1 (the “bad deck”), 9 out of 10 cards wins $100 but one out of ten cards loses $1250. In deck 2 (the “good deck”), 9 out of 10 cards wins $50 and one out of ten loses $250. The researcher measures the number of choices from the “good deck” versus the “bad deck”, and measures anticipatory skin conductance responses immediately before participants choose from the “good deck” compared to the “bad deck”. The research finds that after experiencing wins and losses from 60 choice trials, control group participants on average begin to choose the “good deck” more…arrow_forwardA researcher has designed a card choice task to better understand altered decision making in a group of patients who have sustained damage to their ventromedial prefrontal cortex (compared to a non-damaged control group). Participants complete 120 trials. On each trial they choose to flip over a card from one of two decks of face down cards labeled deck 1 and deck 2. Each card flipped over wins or loses an amount of money. In deck 1 (the “bad deck”), 9 out of 10 cards wins $100 but one out of ten cards loses $1250. In deck 2 (the “good deck”), 9 out of 10 cards wins $50 and one out of ten loses $250. The researcher measures the number of choices from the “good deck” versus the “bad deck”, and measures anticipatory skin conductance responses immediately before participants choose from the “good deck” compared to the “bad deck”. The research finds that after experiencing wins and losses from 60 choice trials, control group participants on average begin to choose the “good deck” more…arrow_forwardA researcher has designed a card choice task to better understand altered decision making in a group of patients who have sustained damage to their ventromedial prefrontal cortex (compared to a non-damaged control group). Participants complete 120 trials. On each trial they choose to flip over a card from one of two decks of face down cards labeled deck 1 and deck 2. Each card flipped over wins or loses an amount of money. In deck 1 (the “bad deck”), 9 out of 10 cards wins $100 but one out of ten cards loses $1250. In deck 2 (the “good deck”), 9 out of 10 cards wins $50 and one out of ten loses $250. The researcher measures the number of choices from the “good deck” versus the “bad deck”, and measures anticipatory skin conductance responses immediately before participants choose from the “good deck” compared to the “bad deck”. The research finds that after experiencing wins and losses from 60 choice trials, control group participants on average begin to choose the “good deck” more…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning