Understanding Basic Statistics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337558075
Author: Charles Henry Brase, Corrinne Pellillo Brase
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 1, Problem 2UTA
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The random sample of 50 students and whether sampling is with or without replacement.
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For unemployed persons in the United States, the average number of months of unemployment at the end of December 2009 was approximately seven months (Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 2010). Suppose the following data are for a particular region in upstate New York. The values in the first column show the number of
months unemployed and the values in the second column show the corresponding number of unemployed persons.
Months
Unemployed
Number
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1
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3
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4
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5
3487
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4652
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4145
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Let x be a random variable indicating the number of months a person is unemployed.
a. Use the data to develop an empirical discrete probability distribution for x (to 4 decimals).
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3
4
5
6
7
8
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b. Show that your probability distribution satisfies the conditions for a valid discrete probability distribution.
The input in the box below will not be graded, but may be reviewed and considered by your instructor.
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c. What is the probability that a…
Chapter 1 Solutions
Understanding Basic Statistics
Ch. 1.1 - Statistical Literacy In a statistical study, what...Ch. 1.1 - Statistical Literacy Are data at the nominal level...Ch. 1.1 - Statistical Literacy What is the difference...Ch. 1.1 - Statistical Literacy For a set population, does a...Ch. 1.1 - Critical Thinking Numbers are often assigned to...Ch. 1.1 - Interpretation Lucy conducted a survey asking some...Ch. 1.1 - Marketing: Fast Food A national survey asked 1261...Ch. 1.1 - Advertising: Auto Mileage What is the average...Ch. 1.1 - Ecology: Wetlands Government agencies carefully...Ch. 1.1 - Archaeology: Ireland The archaeological site of...
Ch. 1.1 - Student Life: Levels of Measurement Categorize...Ch. 1.1 - Business: Levels of Measurement Categorize these...Ch. 1.1 - Fishing: Levels of Measurement Categorize these...Ch. 1.1 - Education: Teacher Evaluation If you were going to...Ch. 1.1 - Critical Thinking You are interested in the...Ch. 1.2 - Statistical Literacy Explain the difference...Ch. 1.2 - Statistical Literacy Explain the difference...Ch. 1.2 - Statistical Literacy Marcie conducted a study of...Ch. 1.2 - Statistical Literacy A random sample of students...Ch. 1.2 - Interpretation In a random sample of 50 students...Ch. 1.2 - Interpretation A campus performance series...Ch. 1.2 - Critical Thinking Greg took a random sample of...Ch. 1.2 - Critical Thinking Consider the students in your...Ch. 1.2 - Critical Thinking Suppose you are assigned the...Ch. 1.2 - Critical Thinking In each of the following...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling: Random Use a random-number table to...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling: Random Use a random-number table to...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling: Random Use a random-number table to...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 14PCh. 1.2 - Computer Simulation: Roll of a Die A die is a cube...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 16PCh. 1.2 - Education: Test Construction Professor Gill is...Ch. 1.2 - Education: Test Construction Professor Gill uses...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods: Benefits Package An important...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods: Health Care Modern Managed...Ch. 1.3 - Statistical Literacy A study of college graduates...Ch. 1.3 - Statistical Literacy Consider a completely...Ch. 1.3 - Critical Thinking A brief survey regarding...Ch. 1.3 - Critical Thinking A randomized block design was...Ch. 1.3 - Interpretation Zane is examining two studies...Ch. 1.3 - Interpretation Suppose you are looking at the 2006...Ch. 1.3 - Ecology: Gathering Data Which technique for...Ch. 1.3 - General: Gathering Data Which technique for...Ch. 1.3 - General: Completely Randomized Experiment How...Ch. 1.3 - Survey: Manipulation The NewYork Times did a...Ch. 1.3 - Critical Thinking An agricultural study is...Ch. 1 - Terminology If a numerical measure describes an...Ch. 1 - Terminology If a variable describes an individual...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3CRCh. 1 - Terminology If it makes sense to say that one data...Ch. 1 - Terminology Consider a sample of size n. If every...Ch. 1 - Terminology If a treatment is applied to subjects...Ch. 1 - Critical Thinking Sudoku is a puzzle consisting of...Ch. 1 - Critical Thinking Alisha wants to Jo a statistical...Ch. 1 - Statistical Literacy You are conducting a study of...Ch. 1 - Radio Talk Show: Sample Bias A radio talk show...Ch. 1 - Prob. 11CRCh. 1 - General: Type of Sampling Categorize the type of...Ch. 1 - General: Gathering Data Which technique fur...Ch. 1 - General: Experiment How would you use a completely...Ch. 1 - Student Life: Data Collection Project Make a...Ch. 1 - Form Problem: Fireflies Suppose you air conducting...Ch. 1 - Use a random-number table or random-number...Ch. 1 - Use a random-number table or random-number...Ch. 1 - What does it mean to say that we are going to use...Ch. 1 - In your own words, explain the differences among...Ch. 1 - Simulate the results of tossing a fair die 18...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2UTA
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- West Virginia has one of the highest divorce rates in the nation, with an annual rate of approximately 5 divorces per 1000 people (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, January 12, 2012). The Marital Counseling Center, Inc. (MCC) thinks that the high divorce rate in the state may require them to hire additional staff. Working with a consultant, the management of MCC has developed the following probability distribution for x = the number of new clients for marriage counseling for the next year. Excel File: data05-19.xls x 10 f(x) .05 20 30 .10 .10 40 .20 50 60 .35 .20 a. Is this probability distribution valid? - Select your answer- Explain. f(x) Σf(x) Select your answer Select your answer b. What is the probability MCC will obtain more than 30 new clients (to 2 decimals)? c. What is the probability MCC will obtain fewer than 20 new clients (to 2 decimals)? d. Compute the expected value and variance of x. Expected value Variance clients per year squared clients per yeararrow_forwardFor unemployed persons in the United States, the average number of months of unemployment at the end of December 2009 was approximately seven months (Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 2010). Suppose the following data are for a particular region in upstate New York. The values in the first column show the number of months unemployed and the values in the second column show the corresponding number of unemployed persons. Months Unemployed Number Unemployed 1 1029 2 1686 3 2269 4 2675 5 3487 6 4652 7 4145 8 3587 9 2325 10 1120 Let x be a random variable indicating the number of months a person is unemployed. a. Use the data to develop an empirical discrete probability distribution for x (to 4 decimals). (x) f(x) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 b. Show that your probability distribution satisfies the conditions for a valid discrete probability distribution. The input in the box below will not be graded, but may be reviewed and considered by your instructor. c. What is the probability that a person…arrow_forwardIn Gallup's Annual Consumption Habits Poll, telephone interviews were conducted for a random sample of 1014 adults aged 18 and over. One of the questions was "How many cups of coffee, if any, do you drink on an average day?" The following table shows the results obtained (Gallup website, August 6, 2012). Excel File: data05-23.xls Number of Cups per Day Number of Responses 0 365 264 193 3 4 or more 91 101 Define a random variable x = number of cups of coffee consumed on an average day. Let x = 4 represent four or more cups. Round your answers to four decimal places. a. Develop a probability distribution for x. x 0 1 2 3 4 f(x) b. Compute the expected value of x. cups of coffee c. Compute the variance of x. cups of coffee squared d. Suppose we are only interested in adults that drink at least one cup of coffee on an average day. For this group, let y = the number of cups of coffee consumed on an average day. Compute the expected value of y. Compare it to the expected value of x. The…arrow_forward
- In Gallup's Annual Consumption Habits Poll, telephone interviews were conducted for a random sample of 1014 adults aged 18 and over. One of the questions was "How many cups of coffee, if any, do you drink on an average day?" The following table shows the results obtained (Gallup website, August 6, 2012). Excel File: data05-23.xls Number of Cups per Day Number of Responses 0 365 264 193 2 3 4 or more 91 101 Define a random variable x = number of cups of coffee consumed on an average day. Let x = 4 represent four or more cups. Round your answers to four decimal places. a. Develop a probability distribution for x. x 0 1 2 3 f(x) b. Compute the expected value of x. cups of coffee c. Compute the variance of x. cups of coffee squared d. Suppose we are only interested in adults that drink at least one cup of coffee on an average day. For this group, let y = the number of cups of coffee consumed on an average day. Compute the expected value of y. Compare it to the expected value of x. The…arrow_forwardA technician services mailing machines at companies in the Phoenix area. Depending on the type of malfunction, the service call can take 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours. The different types of malfunctions occur at about the same frequency. Develop a probability distribution for the duration of a service call. Duration of Call x f(x) 1 2 3 4 Which of the following probability distribution graphs accurately represents the data set? Consider the required conditions for a discrete probability function, shown below.Does this probability distribution satisfy equation (5.1)?Does this probability distribution satisfy equation (5.2)? What is the probability a service call will take three hours? A service call has just come in, but the type of malfunction is unknown. It is 3:00 P.M. and service technicians usually get off at 5:00 P.M. What is the probability the service technician will have to work overtime to fix the machine today?arrow_forwardA psychologist determined that the number of sessions required to obtain the trust of a new patient is either 1, 2, or 3. Let x be a random variable indicating the number of sessions required to gain the patient's trust. The following probability function has been proposed. x f(x) for x = 1, 2, or 3 a. Consider the required conditions for a discrete probability function, shown below. f(x) ≥0 Σf(x) = 1 (5.1) (5.2) Does this probability distribution satisfy equation (5.1)? Select Does this probability distribution satisfy equation (5.2)? Select b. What is the probability that it takes exactly 2 sessions to gain the patient's trust (to 3 decimals)? c. What is the probability that it takes at least 2 sessions to gain the patient's trust (to 3 decimals)?arrow_forward
- A technician services mailing machines at companies in the Phoenix area. Depending on the type of malfunction, the service call can take 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours. The different types of malfunctions occur at about the same frequency. Develop a probability distribution for the duration of a service call. Which of the following probability distribution graphs accurately represents the data set? Consider the required conditions for a discrete probability function, shown below.Does this probability distribution satisfy equation (5.1)?Does this probability distribution satisfy equation (5.2)? What is the probability a service call will take three hours? A service call has just come in, but the type of malfunction is unknown. It is 3:00 P.M. and service technicians usually get off at 5:00 P.M. What is the probability the service technician will have to work overtime to fix the machine today?arrow_forwardWest Virginia has one of the highest divorce rates in the nation, with an annual rate of approximately 5 divorces per 1000 people (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, January 12, 2012). The Marital Counseling Center, Inc. (MCC) thinks that the high divorce rate in the state may require them to hire additional staff. Working with a consultant, the management of MCC has developed the following probability distribution for x = the number of new clients for marriage counseling for the next year. Excel File: data05-19.xls 10 20 f(x) .05 .10 11 30 40 50 60 .10 .20 .35 .20 a. Is this probability distribution valid? Yes Explain. greater than or equal to 0 f(x) Σf(x) equal to 1 b. What is the probability MCC will obtain more than 30 new clients (to 2 decimals)? c. What is the probability MCC will obtain fewer than 20 new clients (to 2 decimals)? d. Compute the expected value and variance of x. Expected value Variance clients per year squared clients per yeararrow_forwardReconsider the patient satisfaction data in Table 1. Fit a multiple regression model using both patient age and severity as the regressors. (a) Test for significance of regression. (b) Test for the individual contribution of the two regressors. Are both regressor variables needed in the model? (c) Has adding severity to the model improved the quality of the model fit? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- The output voltage of a power supply is assumed to be normally distributed. Sixteen observations taken at random on voltage are as follows: 10.35, 9.30, 10.00, 9.96, 11.65, 12.00, 11.25, 9.58, 11.54, 9.95, 10.28, 8.37, 10.44, 9.25, 9.38, and 10.85. (a) Test the hypothesis that the mean voltage equals 12 V against a two-sided alternative using a = 0.05. (b) Construct a 95% two-sided confidence interval on μ. (c) Test the hypothesis that σ² = 11 using α = 0.05. (d) Construct a 95% two-sided confidence interval on σ. (e) Construct a 95% upper confidence interval on σ. (f) Does the assumption of normality seem reasonable for the output voltage?arrow_forwardAnalyze the residuals from the regression model on the patient satisfaction data from Exercise 3. Comment on the adequacy of the regression model.arrow_forwardConsider the hypotheses: Hop=po H₁ppo where 2 is known. Derive a general expression for determining the sample size for detecting a true mean of 1μo with probability 1-ẞ if the type I error is a.arrow_forward
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