BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 2S
The classic experiment by Pasteur (figure 1.4) tested the hypothesis that cells arise from other cells. In this experiment cell growth was measured following sterilization of broth in a swan-necked flask or in a flask with a broken neck.
a. Which variables were kept the same in these two experiments?
b. How does the shape of the flask affect the experiment?
c. Predict the outcome of each experiment based on the two hypotheses.
d. Some bacteria (germs) are capable of producing heat-resistant spores that protect the cell and allow it to continue to grow after the environment cools. How would the outcome of this experiment have been affected if spore-forming bacteria were present in the broth?
Expert Solution & Answer
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution![Blurred answer](/static/blurred-answer.jpg)
Students have asked these similar questions
Match the following questions
about the people who shaped the
field of Microbiology to the "BEST"
possible answer...
A. Used lenses to make drawings
of eukaryotes
B. His early work laid the
foundation for the study of plant
diseases
C. Discovered that organisms can
derive energy from several
different inorganic compounds
D. Conducted later experiments to
refute spontaneous generation
E. Carried out early widespread
vaccinations
F. His bacterial grouping system
laid the foundation for taxonomy
based on genetics
G. Published early accounts of
sexual transmitted diseases
H. Used lenses to make drawings
of prokaryotes
I. Conducted early experiments to
refute spontaneous generation
J. His bacterial grouping system
laid the foundation for taxonomy
based on morphology
Many of the first prokaryotes to be cultured in a scientific lab were human or animal pathogens. Why would these species be more readily cultured than non-pathogenic prokaryotes? a. Pathogenic prokaryotes are hardier than nonpathogenic prokaryotes. b. Non-pathogenic prokaryotes require more supplements in their growth media. c. Most of the necessary culture conditions could be inferred for pathogenic prokaryotes. d. Pathogenic bacteria can grow as free bacteria, but non-pathogenic bacteria only grow as parts of large colonies.
In one experiment, Griffith injected heat killed S strain bacteria into the mice.
A. Whar was he trying to determine bybconducting this experiment?
B. What were the results of this experiment?
C. What conclusion did he reach based on these results?
Chapter 1 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 1.1 - Compare biology to other natural sciences.Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 1.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 1.2 - Compare the different types of reasoning used by...Ch. 1.2 - Demonstrate how to formulate and test a...Ch. 1.3 - Examine Darwins theory of evolution by natural...Ch. 1.3 - Describe the evidence that supports the theory of...Ch. 1.4 - Discuss the core concepts that underlie the study...Ch. 1 - Data analysis What is the effect of reducing the...Ch. 1 - Inquiry question Might this effect be achieved...
Ch. 1 - Prob. 2IQCh. 1 - Prob. 1UCh. 1 - Prob. 2UCh. 1 - A hypothesis in biology is best described as a. a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4UCh. 1 - The cell theory states that a. cells are small. b....Ch. 1 - The molecule DNA is important to biological...Ch. 1 - The organization of living systems is a. linear...Ch. 1 - The idea of evolution a. was original to Darwin....Ch. 1 - What is the significance of Pasteurs experiment to...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is NOT an example of...Ch. 1 - How is the process of natural selection different...Ch. 1 - If you found a fossil for a modem organism next to...Ch. 1 - The theory of evolution by natural selection is a...Ch. 1 - In which domain of life would you find only...Ch. 1 - Evolutionary conservation occurs when a...Ch. 1 - Exobiology is the study of life on other planets....Ch. 1 - The classic experiment by Pasteur (figure 1.4)...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The bacterium Agrobacterium infects plants and causes plant cells to develop tumorlike cellular structures and begin synthesizing sets of proteins that protect the bacterium from the plant immune response, as well as synthesize nutrients that can be used exclusively by the bacterium. Researchers testing the efficacy of two new antibiotic treatments against Agrobacterium are tasked with designing an experiment to test their effectiveness. Which of the following describes the most appropriate control group in this experiment? A B с D a group of infected and untreated plants of the same species a group of uninfected and untreated plants of a different species a group of infected and untreated plants of a different species a group of uninfected and untreated plants of the same speciesarrow_forwardAssume that you have been given the job of developing a colony ofgerm-free chickens.a. What will be the main steps in this process?b. What possible experiments can you do with these animals?arrow_forwardDrag each definition in the boxes below and place it underneath the correct term that it corresponds to. Temporal isolation Paedomorphosis Fossil Record the chronicle of evolution over millions of years of geological time engraved in the order in which fossils appear in rock strata The retention in an adult organism of the juvenile features of its evolutionary ancestors a prezygotic barrier that inhibits breeding between 2 species because of different breeding timesarrow_forward
- What would the results of Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment have looked like if they supported the theory of spontaneous generation? B. What did Pasteur's experiments not prove? C. How would the presence of endospores in Louis Pasteur's nutrient solutions have affected his conclusions about spontaneous generation?arrow_forwardUse the following diagram to answers the questions. A. Is this cell Gram + or Gram -? Provide 2 pieces of evidence to support your choice. B. If you are infected by this bacterium can the antibiotic be effective in killing it. Explain. C. NAME and label the structures in the diagram that could be involved in conjugation? Why conjugation is an important process for the bacteriaarrow_forwardFor bacteria to infect cells, it produces an extracellular protease that destroys tissue structure particularly transmembrane proteins. The bacteria are grown in culture so that the protease can be isolated. Then the culture is centrifuged. In which sample would the protease be most likely found? A. Precipitate containing whole bacteria B. Cell-free filtrate; that is, the supernatant C. The lysate of the whole culture D. Lysed bacteria only E. All of thesearrow_forward
- What was the key finding from Griffith’s experiments using live and heat-killed pathogenic bacteria? a. Bacteria with a smooth coat could kill mice. b. Bacteria with a rough coat are not lethal. c. DNA is the genetic material. d. Genetic material can be transferred from dead to live bacteria.arrow_forwardIn the experiments below, different prokaryotic cells were grown in broth cultures in the presence or absence of an antibiotic (either vancomycin or polymixin) After 1 hour, cells were rinsed, and the percent of bacteria that survived was determined. According to the data, which experiment (A or B) was done with vancomycin and which was done with polymyxin? Explain your reasoning in both cases. 100 0 A Bacillus E. coli with antibiotic without antibiotic B Methanoge n 100 Bacillus E. coli Methanogenarrow_forwardWhat are the advantages of real-time PCR over microscopy for diagnosing malaria? a. Giemsa stain is not required for real-time PCR b. It allows for species identification and quantification of malaria-causing plasmodium at lower blood concentration with greater sensitivity and specificity. c. Real-time PCR doesn't require the use of a microscope which is deemed too expensive. d. Real-time PCR has a hiher sensitivity for the main malaria-causing plasmodium, P. falciparum, than microscopy techniques. Thank you!!!arrow_forward
- A. From the experiment, what are the approximate optimal temperatures of organisms A-D? Please report temperature ranges wherever applicable. Classify these organisms based on their temperature requirements. B. While doing this experiment, your friend dropped a tube of organism B on herself by accident. Although the spill was cleaned, she is worried about catching an infection. What would your advice to her be based on the data that you have generated in the experiment?C. Three out of four organisms did not grown on the plates incubated at 680C. What is the likely molecular explanation for this? Hint: What cellular structures are affected at this temperature?arrow_forwardThe bacterium Agrobacterium infects plants and causes plant cells to develop tumorlike cellular structures and begin synthesizing sets of proteins that protect the bacterium from the plant immune response, as well as synthesize nutrients that can be used exclusively by the bacterium. Researchers testing the efficacy of two new antibiotic treatments against Agrobacterium are tasked with designing an experiment to test their effectiveness. Which of the following describes the most appropriate dependent variable in this experiment? A B с D the rate of infection the amount of treatment the number of formed tumors the rate of plant growtharrow_forwardReview Alexander Fleming’s experiment that led to the discovery of penicillin. What would be an appropriate control for the experiment in which Fleming applied filtered medium from a Penicillium culture to plates of bacteria?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780134580999/9780134580999_smallCoverImage.gif)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781947172517/9781947172517_coverImage_Textbooks.gif)
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259398629/9781259398629_smallCoverImage.gif)
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780815344322/9780815344322_smallCoverImage.gif)
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781260159363/9781260159363_smallCoverImage.gif)
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781260231700/9781260231700_smallCoverImage.gif)
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Intro to Food Microbiology; Author: A professor pressing record;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vg8fSmk0dVU;License: Standard youtube license