
EBK MACROECONOMICS
5th Edition
ISBN: 8220106773925
Author: KRUGMAN
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Question
Chapter 1, Problem 1P
To determine
The principles used in the given case.
Concept Introduction:
Principles of Individual Choice:
- “Choice is necessary because resources are scarce”- Resources are always scarce in respect to its use, a single resource can be put to various alternative uses. Therefore, one has to choose between the various uses.
- “The true cost of something is its
opportunity cost ”- The value of any commodity is derived from the forgone cost to get that particular commodity. - “How much is the decision at the margin”- The choice of having something depends on the benefits one receive from that choice.
- “People usually exploit opportunities to make them better off”- People are always fond of alternative incentive, which can make them in better situation as compared to the previous situation.
- “
Gains from trade ”- Individual always gain from trade by selling the product in which they are specialized and purchasing the product in which they are comparatively less specialized. - “Market moves towards equilibrium”- Market always tries to settle down at a point where no individual is comparatively better off in changing his choice.
- “Resources should be used efficiently to achieve society’s goals”- Resources should be used in such a way that will not make any better off by making the other individual worse off.
- “Markets usually lead to efficiency”- People always look for the opportunity, which can make them better off without making any other person worse off, this leads to
efficiency in the market. - “When markets don’t achieve efficiency, government intervention can improve society’s welfare”- Government intervention is required when the market do not correct itself.
- “One person’s spending is another person’s income”- The economy will always go on because a person earns only when the other person spends.
- “Overall spending sometimes gets out of line with the economy’s productive capacity”- The economy can face inflation at the time when spending of whole economy raises all together.
- “Government policies can change spending”- Various fiscal and
monetary policies of government are used to correct the situation of the economy and adjust the spending.
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Problem 3
You are given the following demand for European luxury automobiles:
Q=1,000 P-0.5.2/1.6
where P-Price of European luxury cars
PA = Price of American luxury cars
P, Price of Japanese luxury cars
I= Annual income of car buyers
Assume that each of the coefficients is statistically significant (i.e., that they passed the t-test).
On the basis of the information given, answer the following questions
1. Comment on the degree of substitutability between European and American luxury cars and
between European and Japanese luxury cars. Explain some possible reasons for the results in
the equation.
2. Comment on the coefficient for the income variable. Is this result what you would expect?
Explain.
3. Comment on the coefficient of the European car price variable. Is that what you would expect?
Explain.
Problem 2:
A manufacturer of computer workstations gathered average monthly sales figures from its 56 branch
offices and dealerships across the country and estimated the following demand for its product:
Q=+15,000-2.80P+150A+0.3P+0.35Pm+0.2Pc
(5,234) (1.29) (175) (0.12) (0.17) (0.13)
R²=0.68 SER 786 F=21.25
The variables and their assumed values are
P = Price of basic model = 7,000
Q==Quantity
A = Advertising expenditures (in thousands) = 52
P = Average price of a personal computer = 4,000
P.
Average price of a minicomputer = 15,000
Pe Average price of a leading competitor's workstation = 8,000
1. Compute the elasticities for each variable. On this basis, discuss the relative impact that each
variable has on the demand. What implications do these results have for the firm's marketing
and pricing policies?
2. Conduct a t-test for the statistical significance of each variable. In each case, state whether
a one-tail or two-tail test is required. What difference, if any, does it make to…
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