Fundamentals of Information Systems
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337097536
Author: Ralph Stair, George Reynolds
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 1, Problem 1LO
Program Plan Intro
Difference between data, information and knowledge and characteristics of quality data.
Expert Solution & Answer
Explanation of Solution
Most of the people get confused with the data and information. Data can be anything or you can say any raw fact. Data can be in the form of numbers, pictures, and words. We cannot get exact information out of the data. Data is unprocessed, unorganized and can be in any random format but when that data is processed and organized it gives information when some context or meaningful words are added to the data and form the related information. You can say data is integrated and organized so that it is used by people in the form of information. On the other hand, knowledge is something we gain after processing the valuable information.
To make it clearer, let us take an example of a match. Suppose we have data as 68 and 70. We cannot get anything out of these numeric values. Now, by adding some context with these numeric values such as Team 1-68 and Team 2-70, we get information that Team 1 has scored 68 and Team 2 has scored 70. Now, from this information we can do comparison to gain knowledge that Team 2 has scored more and thus must have won the match.
Different characteristics of quality data are:
The first characteristic is that of Accuracy. Quality data should be accurate in context with for what purpose it is required.
Validity is another characteristic of quality data. Data should be valid in accordance to the requirements.
Timeliness is another characteristic of Quality data. Data should be collected at the time when it is needed. Data collected early or late can lead to incorrect results.
Completeness is an important characteristic of quality data. Data should always be complete because incomplete data cannot get the desired results.
Consistency: Data should be consistent. Data should not contradict at different sources.
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[Hint: Look at the addresses in binary and consider the host ids]
To assume that the network addresses are correct, we take a look at the network ID and IP addresses. Take 20.0.0.0/8, we have an /8 prefix which is Class A, that provide us with 255.0.0.0. This means that there are 24 host bits while the network bits are 8. When compared to the IP address 20.255.0.7, we can perform an additional operation with the subnet mask giving us 20.0.0.0. The same happened with 20.0.0.89, which we also got 20.0.0.0. Therefore, these two IP addresses fall within the respective /8 subnet. For 200.100.10.0/30, the /30 is Class C with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.252, meaning 30 network bits and only two host bits. When applying the subnet mask and the IP addresses…
It is possible to sort an array of n values using pipeline of n filter processes.The first process inputs all the values one at a time, keep the minimum, and passes the others on to the next process. Each filter does the same thing; it receives a stream of values from the previous process, keep the smallest, and passes the others to the next process. Assume each process has local storage for only two values--- the next input value and the minimum it has seen so far.
(a) Developcode for filter processes. Declare the channels and use asynchronous message passing.
Hint:Define an array of channels value[n] (int), and a set of filter processes Filter[i = 0 ton-1]. Each process Filter[i] (where 0 <= i <= n-2) receives a stream of integers through channelvalue[i], keeps the smallest, and sends all other integers to channel value[i+1]. The last processFilter[n-1] receives only one integer through channel value[n-1] and does not need to send anyinteger further.
It is possible to sort an array of n values using pipeline of n filter processes.The first process inputs all the values one at a time, keep the minimum, and passes the others on to the next process. Each filter does the same thing; it receives a stream of values from the previous process, keep the smallest, and passes the others to the next process. Assume each process has local storage for only two values--- the next input value and the minimum it has seen so far.
(a) Developcode for filter processes. Declare the channels and use asynchronous message passing.
Hint:Define an array of channels value[n] (int), and a set of filter processes Filter[i = 0 ton-1]. Each process Filter[i] (where 0 <= i <= n-2) receives a stream of integers through channelvalue[i], keeps the smallest, and sends all other integers to channel value[i+1]. The last processFilter[n-1] receives only one integer through channel value[n-1] and does not need to send anyinteger further.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Fundamentals of Information Systems
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 1 - Identify the three fundamental information system...Ch. 1 - Define the term the soft side of implementing...Ch. 1 - Identify and briefly describe five change models...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6LOCh. 1 - Prob. 1.1RQCh. 1 - Prob. 1.2RQCh. 1 - Prob. 1.1CTQCh. 1 - Prob. 1.2CTQ
Ch. 1 - Prob. 2.1RQCh. 1 - Prob. 2.2RQCh. 1 - Prob. 2.1CTQCh. 1 - What actions would you recommend to minimize...Ch. 1 - The value of information is directly linked to how...Ch. 1 - The value of information is directly linked to how...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3SATCh. 1 - Prob. 4SATCh. 1 - Prob. 5SATCh. 1 - Managers have an essential role to play in the...Ch. 1 - Managers have an essential role to play in the...Ch. 1 - Information systems must be implemented in such a...Ch. 1 - Information systems must be implemented in such a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 10SATCh. 1 - Prob. 11SATCh. 1 - Information systems must be implemented in such a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 13SATCh. 1 - Information systems must be implemented in such a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 15SATCh. 1 - Prob. 16SATCh. 1 - The information system worker functions at the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 18SATCh. 1 - Prob. 1RQCh. 1 - Prob. 2RQCh. 1 - Prob. 3RQCh. 1 - Prob. 4RQCh. 1 - Prob. 5RQCh. 1 - Prob. 6RQCh. 1 - Prob. 7RQCh. 1 - Prob. 8RQCh. 1 - Prob. 9RQCh. 1 - Prob. 10RQCh. 1 - Prob. 11RQCh. 1 - Prob. 12RQCh. 1 - Prob. 13RQCh. 1 - Prob. 14RQCh. 1 - Prob. 15RQCh. 1 - Prob. 16RQCh. 1 - Prob. 17RQCh. 1 - Prob. 18RQCh. 1 - Prob. 1DQCh. 1 - Prob. 2DQCh. 1 - Prob. 3DQCh. 1 - Prob. 4DQCh. 1 - Prob. 5DQCh. 1 - Prob. 6DQCh. 1 - Prob. 7DQCh. 1 - Your manager has asked for your input on ideas for...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9DQCh. 1 - Prob. 10DQCh. 1 - Prob. 11DQCh. 1 - Prob. 12DQCh. 1 - Prob. 1PSECh. 1 - Prob. 2PSECh. 1 - Prob. 3PSECh. 1 - Prob. 1WECh. 1 - Prob. 2WECh. 1 - Prob. 3WECh. 1 - Prob. 1CECh. 1 - Prob. 2CECh. 1 - Prob. 3CECh. 1 - Prob. 1.1CSCh. 1 - Prob. 1.2CSCh. 1 - Prob. 1.3CSCh. 1 - Prob. 2.1CSCh. 1 - Prob. 2.2CSCh. 1 - Prob. 2.3CS
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