Introductory Combinatorics
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780136020400
Author: Richard A. Brualdi
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 1, Problem 1E
To determine
To show: An
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Explanation of Solution
To show this, we have to add 3 cases here.
Case 1: Assume that one of
For an example, consider a
Case 2: Assume that both
For an example, consider a
Case 3: Suppose that both
Here, the numbers of two color slabs are different, because one domino covers exactly one of the each.
So in this case, the chessboard can’t have a perfect cover. This is a contradicts.
Thus, our assumption is wrong. When both
In other words, if the chessboard has a perfect cover, at least one of
For an example, consider a
Thus, by cases 1, 2, and 3, and
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Students have asked these similar questions
1. Let 2 (a, b, c)} be the sample space.
(a) Write down the power set of 2.
(b) Construct a σ-field containing A = {a, b} and B = {b, c}.
(c) Show that F= {0, 2, {a, b}, {b, c}, {b}} is not a σ-field. Add some elements
to make it a σ-field..
13. Let (, F, P) be a probability space and X a function from 2 to R. Explain when
X is a random variable.
24. A factory produces items from two machines: Machine A and Machine B. Machine
A produces 60% of the total items, while Machine B produces 40%. The probability
that an item produced by Machine A is defective is P(DIA)=0.03. The probability
that an item produced by Machine B is defective is P(D|B)=0.05.
(a) What is the probability that a randomly selected product be defective, P(D)?
(b) If a randomly selected item from the production line is defective, calculate the
probability that it was produced by Machine A, P(A|D).
Chapter 1 Solutions
Introductory Combinatorics
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1ECh. 1 - Prob. 2ECh. 1 - Imagine a prison consisting of 64 cells arranged...Ch. 1 - Verify that there is no magic square of order 2.
Ch. 1 - Use de la Loubère’s method to construct a magic...Ch. 1 - 12. Use de la Loubère’s method to construct a...Ch. 1 - Construct a magic square of order 6.
Ch. 1 - Show that the result of replacing every integer a...Ch. 1 - Let n be a positive integer divisible by 4, say n...Ch. 1 - Show that there is no magic cube of order 2.
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- (b) In various places in this module, data on the silver content of coins minted in the reign of the twelfth-century Byzantine king Manuel I Comnenus have been considered. The full dataset is in the Minitab file coins.mwx. The dataset includes, among others, the values of the silver content of nine coins from the first coinage (variable Coin1) and seven from the fourth coinage (variable Coin4) which was produced a number of years later. (For the purposes of this question, you can ignore the variables Coin2 and Coin3.) In particular, in Activity 8 and Exercise 2 of Computer Book B, it was argued that the silver contents in both the first and the fourth coinages can be assumed to be normally distributed. The question of interest is whether there were differences in the silver content of coins minted early and late in Manuel’s reign. You are about to investigate this question using a two-sample t-interval. (i) Using Minitab, find either the sample standard deviations of the two variables…arrow_forward5. (a) State the Residue Theorem. Your answer should include all the conditions required for the theorem to hold. (4 marks) (b) Let y be the square contour with vertices at -3, -3i, 3 and 3i, described in the anti-clockwise direction. Evaluate に dz. You must check all of the conditions of any results that you use. (5 marks) (c) Evaluate L You must check all of the conditions of any results that you use. ཙ x sin(Tx) x²+2x+5 da. (11 marks)arrow_forward3. (a) Lety: [a, b] C be a contour. Let L(y) denote the length of y. Give a formula for L(y). (1 mark) (b) Let UCC be open. Let f: U→C be continuous. Let y: [a,b] → U be a contour. Suppose there exists a finite real number M such that |f(z)| < M for all z in the image of y. Prove that < ||, f(z)dz| ≤ ML(y). (3 marks) (c) State and prove Liouville's theorem. You may use Cauchy's integral formula without proof. (d) Let R0. Let w € C. Let (10 marks) U = { z Є C : | z − w| < R} . Let f UC be a holomorphic function such that 0 < |ƒ(w)| < |f(z)| for all z Є U. Show, using the local maximum modulus principle, that f is constant. (6 marks)arrow_forward
- 3. (a) Let A be an algebra. Define the notion of an A-module M. When is a module M a simple module? (b) State and prove Schur's Lemma for simple modules. (c) Let AM(K) and M = K" the natural A-module. (i) Show that M is a simple K-module. (ii) Prove that if ƒ € Endд(M) then ƒ can be written as f(m) = am, where a is a matrix in the centre of M, (K). [Recall that the centre, Z(M,(K)) == {a Mn(K) | ab M,,(K)}.] = ba for all bЄ (iii) Explain briefly why this means End₁(M) K, assuming that Z(M,,(K))~ K as K-algebras. Is this consistent with Schur's lemma?arrow_forward(a) State, without proof, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula and Cauchy's integral formula for derivatives. Your answer should include all the conditions required for the results to hold. (8 marks) (b) Let U{z EC: |z| -1}. Let 12 be the triangular contour with vertices at 0, 2-2 and 2+2i, parametrized in the anticlockwise direction. Calculate dz. You must check the conditions of any results you use. (d) Let U C. Calculate Liz-1ym dz, (z - 1) 10 (5 marks) where 2 is the same as the previous part. You must check the conditions of any results you use. (4 marks)arrow_forward(a) Suppose a function f: C→C has an isolated singularity at wЄ C. State what it means for this singularity to be a pole of order k. (2 marks) (b) Let f have a pole of order k at wЄ C. Prove that the residue of f at w is given by 1 res (f, w): = Z dk (k-1)! >wdzk−1 lim - [(z — w)* f(z)] . (5 marks) (c) Using the previous part, find the singularity of the function 9(z) = COS(πZ) e² (z - 1)²' classify it and calculate its residue. (5 marks) (d) Let g(x)=sin(211). Find the residue of g at z = 1. (3 marks) (e) Classify the singularity of cot(z) h(z) = Z at the origin. (5 marks)arrow_forward
- 1. Let z = x+iy with x, y Є R. Let f(z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y) where u(x, y), v(x, y): R² → R. (a) Suppose that f is complex differentiable. State the Cauchy-Riemann equations satisfied by the functions u(x, y) and v(x,y). (b) State what it means for the function (2 mark) u(x, y): R² → R to be a harmonic function. (3 marks) (c) Show that the function u(x, y) = 3x²y - y³ +2 is harmonic. (d) Find a harmonic conjugate of u(x, y). (6 marks) (9 marks)arrow_forwardPlease could you provide a step by step solutions to this question and explain every step.arrow_forwardCould you please help me with question 2bii. If possible could you explain how you found the bounds of the integral by using a graph of the region of integration. Thanksarrow_forward
- Let A be a vector space with basis 1, a, b. Which (if any) of the following rules turn A into an algebra? (You may assume that 1 is a unit.) (i) a² = a, b² = ab = ba = 0. (ii) a²=b, b² = ab = ba = 0. (iii) a²=b, b² = b, ab = ba = 0.arrow_forwardNo chatgpt pls will upvotearrow_forward= 1. Show (a) Let G = Z/nZ be a cyclic group, so G = {1, 9, 92,...,g" } with g": that the group algebra KG has a presentation KG = K(X)/(X” — 1). (b) Let A = K[X] be the algebra of polynomials in X. Let V be the A-module with vector space K2 and where the action of X is given by the matrix Compute End(V) in the cases (i) x = p, (ii) xμl. (67) · (c) If M and N are submodules of a module L, prove that there is an isomorphism M/MON (M+N)/N. (The Second Isomorphism Theorem for modules.) You may assume that MON is a submodule of M, M + N is a submodule of L and the First Isomorphism Theorem for modules.arrow_forward
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