OSI (Open System Interconnection) protocol model: • OSI is a reference model which is used between the network applications for communication. • If the two applications use different individual OSI model, then the communication among those application will be held on the end points of the model. • The OSI model contains seven layers; they are as follows: ○ Application layer ○ Presentation layer ○ Session layer ○ Transport layer ○ Network layer ○ Data link layer ○ Physical layer

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EXPLORER OPEN EDITORS Welcome com.py... Welcome xcom.py 2 ✓ DB com.py com.sql 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 com.py db class Rectangle: def _init_(self, length, width): self.length-length self.width-width def area(self): return self.width *self.length def perimeter(self): return 2+self.width*self.length y=Rectangle(5,1) print(y.area) Why does an error appear in the code print(y.perimeter) PROBLEMS OUTPUT TERMINAL DEBUG CONSOLE PORTS I > OUTLINE > TIMELINE 0A4 0 self.width *self.length AAAA NameError: name 'self' is not defined PS C:\Users\hp\Desktop\db> & C:/Users/hp/AppData/Local/Microsoft/WindowsApps/python3.12.exe c:/Users/hp/Desktop/db/com.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "c:\Users\hp\Desktop\db\com.py", line 1, in class Rectangle: File "c:\Users\hp\Desktop\db\com.py", line 7, in Rectangle self.width *self.length ^^^^^ NameError: name 'self' is not defined PS C:\Users\hp\Desktop\db> Ln 17, Col 1 Spaces: 4 UTF-8 CRLF (Python 3 A ENG

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 18RQ

Program Plan Intro

OSI (Open System Interconnection) protocol model:

• OSI is a reference model which is used between the network applications for communication.

• If the two applications use different individual OSI model, then the communication among those application will be held on the end points of the model.

• The OSI model contains seven layers; they are as follows:

○ Application layer

○ Presentation layer

○ Session layer

○ Transport layer

○ Network layer

○ Data link layer

○ Physical layer

Program Plan Intro

OSI (Open System Interconnection) protocol model:

• OSI is a reference model which is used between the network applications for communication.

• If the two applications use different individual OSI model, then the communication among those application will be held on the end points of the model.

• The OSI model contains seven layers; they are as follows:

○ Application layer

○ Presentation layer

○ Session layer

○ Transport layer

○ Network layer

○ Data link layer

○ Physical layer

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EXPLORER OPEN EDITORS Welcome com.py... Welcome xcom.py 2 ✓ DB com.py com.sql 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 com.py db class Rectangle: def _init_(self, length, width): self.length-length self.width-width def area(self): return self.width *self.length def perimeter(self): return 2+self.width*self.length y=Rectangle(5,1) print(y.area) Why does an error appear in the code print(y.perimeter) PROBLEMS OUTPUT TERMINAL DEBUG CONSOLE PORTS I > OUTLINE > TIMELINE 0A4 0 self.width *self.length AAAA NameError: name 'self' is not defined PS C:\Users\hp\Desktop\db> & C:/Users/hp/AppData/Local/Microsoft/WindowsApps/python3.12.exe c:/Users/hp/Desktop/db/com.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "c:\Users\hp\Desktop\db\com.py", line 1, in class Rectangle: File "c:\Users\hp\Desktop\db\com.py", line 7, in Rectangle self.width *self.length ^^^^^ NameError: name 'self' is not defined PS C:\Users\hp\Desktop\db> Ln 17, Col 1 Spaces: 4 UTF-8 CRLF (Python 3 A ENG

Refer to page 30 for problems on image edge detection. Instructions: Implement an edge detection algorithm (e.g., Sobel or Canny) for the given image. • Explain the preprocessing steps (grayscale conversion, noise reduction) and calculate gradient intensities. • Visualize and compare the results with manual edge annotations. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZ F/view?usp=sharing]

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