AP* Chemistry: The Central Science (NASTA Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780134650951
Author: Brown and Lemay
Publisher: PEARSON
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A) A sample of sodium reacts completely with 0.142 kgkg of chlorine, forming 234 gg of sodium chloride. What mass of sodium reacted?
B) When carbon is burned in air, it reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. When 19.2 gg of carbon were burned in the presence of 63.5 gg of oxygen, 12.3 gg of oxygen remained unreacted. What mass of carbon dioxide was produced?
A piece of alminum foil contains 3.6 x 1021 aluminum atoms.
1) What is the mass of the aluminum foil in grams?
2) The density of aluminum is 2.7 g/cm3. What is the volume of the foil in cm3?
3) Rolls of aluminum foil are 310 mm wide and 0.016 mm thick (height). What length of foil in centimeters contains 3.6 x 1021 aluminum atoms?
In a laboratory experiment, an undergraduate student collected a sample of ammonium
phosphate. If the sample contains 9.52 x 10 25 molecules, how many grams of the sample did he
collected?
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- On October 21, 1982, the Bureau of the Mint changed the composition of pennies (see Exercise 120). Instead of an alloy of 95% Cu and 5% Zn by mass, a core of 99.2% Zn and 0.8% Cu with a thin shell of copper was adopted. The overall composition of the new penny was 97.6% Zn and 2.4% Cu by mass. Does this account for the difference in mass among die pennies in Exercise 120? Assume the volume of the individual metals that make up each penny can be added together to give the overall volume of the penny, and assume each penny is the same size. (Density of Cu = 8.96 g/cm3; density of Zn = 7.14 g/cm3).arrow_forwardThe mole is the SI unit for the amount of a substance. The mass of one mole of pure table sugar is 342.3 grams. How many grams of sugar are in exactly 1/2 mole? What is the mass of 0.764 mole?arrow_forwardWhich of the following represent physical properties or changes, and which represent chemical properties or changes? You curl your hair with a curling iron. You curl your hair by getting a “permanent wave” at the hair salon. Ice on your sidewalk melts when you put salt on it. A glass of water evaporates overnight when it is left on the bedside table. Your steak chars if the skillet is too hot. Alcohol feels cool when it is spilled on the skin. Alcohol ignites when a flame is brought near it. Baking powder causes biscuits to rise.arrow_forward
- What is the chief factor that determines thephysical slateof a sample of matter?arrow_forwardConsider two boxes with the following contents: the first box contains 10 blue paper clips and 10 red paper clips; the second contains the same number of each color of paper clip with the difference that each blue paper clip is interlocked with a red paper clip. Which box has contents that would be an analogy for a mixture, and which box has contents that would be an analogy for a compound?arrow_forwardA materials engineer has filed for a patent for a new alloy to be used in golf club heads. The composition by mass ranges from 25 to 31% manganese, 6.3 to 7.8% aluminum, 0.65 to 0.85% carbon, and 5.5 to 9.0% chromium, with the remainder being iron. What are the maximum and minimum percentages of iron possible in this alloy? Use Figure 2.12 to snake a prediction about how the density of this alloy would compare with that of iron; justify your prediction.arrow_forward
- A red-orange solid contains only mercury and oxygen. Analyses of three different samples gave the following results. Are the data consistent with the hypothesis that the material is a compound?arrow_forwardClassify the following as compounds or elements: a silver bromide used in photography; b calcium carbonate limestone; c sodium hydroxide lye; d uranium; e tin; f titanium.arrow_forwardIn Chapter 3, we learned that all matter is composed of atoms. In this chapter, we learned that most common substances are either compounds or mixtures of compounds. How can these both be true? Explain.arrow_forward
- Potassium sulfate has a solubility of 15 g/ 100 g water at 40C. A solution is prepared by adding 39.0 g of potassium sulfate to 225 g of water, carefully heating the solution, and cooling it to 40C. A homogeneous solution is obtained. Is this solution saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated? The beaker is shaken, and precipitation occurs. How many grams of potassium sulfate would you expect to crystallize out?arrow_forwardA material is believed to be a compound. Suppose you have several samples of this material obtained from various places around the world. Comment on what you would expect to find upon observing the melting point and color for each sample. What would you expect to find upon determining the elemental composition for each sample?arrow_forwardWhich of the these statements are qualitative? Which are quantitative? Explain your choice in each case. (a) The atomic mass of carbon is 12.011 (12.011 atomic mass units). (b) Pure aluminum is a silvery-white metal that is nonmagnetic, has a low density, and does not produce sparks when struck. (c) Sodium has a density of 0.968 g/mL. (d) In animals the sodium cation, Na+, is the main extracellular cation and is important for nerve function.arrow_forward
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