(a)
Interpretation:
Volume of the CSTR and PFR reactor had to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a vessel to which reactants are added and products within the vessel are vigorously stirred using internal agitation or by internally recycling the contents.
Design equation for a CSTR is
Plug-flow reactor (PFR) consists of a hollow pipe or tube through which reactants flow. Water at a controlled temperature is circulated through the tank to maintain constant reactant temperature.
The general equation is
(b)
Interpretation:
Volume of the CSTR and PFR reactor had to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a vessel to which reactants are added and products within the vessel are vigorously stirred using internal agitation or by internally recycling the contents.
Design equation for a CSTR is
Plug-flow reactor (PFR) consists of a hollow pipe or tube through which reactants flow. Water at a controlled temperature is circulated through the tank to maintain constant reactant temperature.
The general equation is
(c)
Interpretation:
Volume of the CSTR and PFR reactor had to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a vessel to which reactants are added and products within the vessel are vigorously stirred using internal agitation or by internally recycling the contents.
Design equation for a CSTR is
Plug-flow reactor (PFR) consists of a hollow pipe or tube through which reactants flow. Water at a controlled temperature is circulated through the tank to maintain constant reactant temperature.
The general equation is
(d)
Interpretation:
Time necessary to consume 99.9% of species A reactor had to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a vessel to which reactants are added and products within the vessel are vigorously stirred using internal agitation or by internally recycling the contents.
Plug-flow reactor (PFR) consists of a hollow pipe or tube through which reactants flow. Water at a controlled temperature is circulated through the tank to maintain constant reactant temperature.
Time can be calculated by using the below equation,
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering (5th Edition) (Prentice Hall International Series in the Physical and Chemical Engineering Sciences)
- heat and mass transferarrow_forwardheat and mass transferarrow_forwardA biodiesel mixture consisting of 60 mol% methyl oleate (MO), 25 mol% methyl linoleate (ML), and 15 mol% methyl palmitate (MP) is held at 373.15 K and 200 MPa. Given PC-SAFT parameters: segment number \( m_i = [5.7, 6.3, 4.8] \), segment diameter \( \sigma_i = [3.95, 3.98, 3.91] \) Å, dispersion energy \( \epsilon_i/k = [260, 270, 250] \) K, and binary interaction parameters \( k_{ij} = 0.01 \), determine the isentropic speed of sound (m/s) using the PC-SAFT Helmholtz energy formulation and the thermodynamic identity\[c^2 = \left( \frac{\partial P}{\partial \rho} \right)_T + \frac{T \left( \frac{\partial P}{\partial T} \right)_\rho^2 }{ \rho^2 c_v },\]assuming the density is precomputed at 200 MPa and \( c_v \) is obtained from ideal mixing of pure-component values.arrow_forward
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- In the published paper, "Exergy-based Greenhouse gas metric of buildings", use the value of the Exergy Loss of Emission of carbon dioxide to evaluate the index value for 1000 occupants for 50 years building life span in kilogram per person per yeararrow_forwardA CO₂-saturated brine (ionic strength = 2.5 mol/kg, pH = 3, a_H⁺ = 0.01) flows at 2 cm/s through a horizontal tubular reactor (L = 1 m, D = 0.05 m) packed with 5 kg of olivine (Zhuravlev-BET surface area = 30 m²/g). The system operates at 90 °C and 40 bar, and external mass transfer resistance is negligible. The rate-limiting step is electron transfer at the mineral surface, governed by Marcus theory, with λ = 0.75 eV, ΔG° = –0.30 eV, and k₀ = 10⁶ s⁻¹. The Mg²⁺ activity coefficient is γ = 0.76 (from PHREEQC with Pitzer model). For Mg₂SiO₄ + 4 H⁺ → 2 Mg²⁺ + SiO₂(aq) + 2 H₂O, determine the total moles of Mg²⁺ released after 10 minutes at steady state.arrow_forwardIn baseball, batters frequently attempt to hit a ball as far as possible. However, baseballs are inelastic with an officially required "coefficient of restitution" CR ≈ 0.55 on ash wood. The coefficient of restitution of a dropped ball iswhere H is the initial drop height, h is the max. height on the rebound, and h ≈ 2πH tan δ for a homogeneous material. Assuming that a baseball is homogeneous and has a storage modulus approximately the same as that of cork (E' = 18.6 MPa), what must the value of the loss modulus E'' be so that the ball is regulation?arrow_forward
- The creep strain rate of a polymer (in “Hz”) is given by where T is the temperature and Q = 100. kJ/mol is the activation energy. How long t will it take for a rod of this polymer to extend from 10. mm to 15 mm at 100. °C?arrow_forwardCreep compliance J(t) An amorphous polymer has Tg = 100 °C. A creep modulus of 1/J = 1 GPa was measured after t₁ = 1 h at T₁ = 90 °C. Suppose that log 10 a (T) = 17.5(T-Tg) 52+(T-Tg) 1 for this material. What is the shift factor a at T = T₁ relative to the reference Tg? What is the time t₂ required to reach a modulus of 1 GPa at T2 = 80 °C? TR = T = 100 °C |J(t) = 1 GPa-1 + log a(T₁) T₁ = 75 °C T₂ = 50 °C log tr log t₁ log t log t₂ = ?arrow_forwardA 0.45 mol/kg aqueous solution of 3-(methylamino)propylamine and 1-methylpiperazine (1:1 molar) flows at 0.5 g/s through a 2.5 m horizontal stainless steel coil (inner diameter 1.2 mm), entering at 358.15 K and 22 MPa and exiting at 20 MPa. A constant wall heat flux of 28 W is applied. Local density and isobaric heat capacity are obtained through from the Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation of state, with a 3% increase in heat capacity to account for wall sorption. Dynamic viscosity is obtained using the Green-Kubo relation with a given integral value of 2.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ Pa².s, and thermal conductivity is assumed constant. The local Nusselt number is corrected for thermal development using Nu(x) = 3.66 + (0.065 · Gz(x)^0.7) / (1 + 0.04 · Gz(x)^0.7), where Gz(x) = D · Re(x) · Pr(x) / x. Through a spatially resolved numerical integration of the 1D steady-state energy equation and determine the outlet temperature (K).arrow_forward
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