(a)
Interpretation:
Volume of the CSTR and PFR reactor had to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a vessel to which reactants are added and products within the vessel are vigorously stirred using internal agitation or by internally recycling the contents.
Design equation for a CSTR is
Plug-flow reactor (PFR) consists of a hollow pipe or tube through which reactants flow. Water at a controlled temperature is circulated through the tank to maintain constant reactant temperature.
The general equation is
(b)
Interpretation:
Volume of the CSTR and PFR reactor had to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a vessel to which reactants are added and products within the vessel are vigorously stirred using internal agitation or by internally recycling the contents.
Design equation for a CSTR is
Plug-flow reactor (PFR) consists of a hollow pipe or tube through which reactants flow. Water at a controlled temperature is circulated through the tank to maintain constant reactant temperature.
The general equation is
(c)
Interpretation:
Volume of the CSTR and PFR reactor had to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a vessel to which reactants are added and products within the vessel are vigorously stirred using internal agitation or by internally recycling the contents.
Design equation for a CSTR is
Plug-flow reactor (PFR) consists of a hollow pipe or tube through which reactants flow. Water at a controlled temperature is circulated through the tank to maintain constant reactant temperature.
The general equation is
(d)
Interpretation:
Time necessary to consume 99.9% of species A reactor had to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a vessel to which reactants are added and products within the vessel are vigorously stirred using internal agitation or by internally recycling the contents.
Plug-flow reactor (PFR) consists of a hollow pipe or tube through which reactants flow. Water at a controlled temperature is circulated through the tank to maintain constant reactant temperature.
Time can be calculated by using the below equation,
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering (5th Edition) (Prentice Hall International Series in the Physical and Chemical Engineering Sciences)
- 3. A mixture of air and water at a temperature of 25°C flows up through a vertical tube with a length of 4 m and an internal diameter of 25.4 mm with the exit of the tube being at atmospheric pressure. The mass flows of the air and the water are 0.007 kgs-1 and 0.3 kgs-1, respectively. For air, the density is 1.2 kgm³ and viscosity is 1.85 x 10-5 Nsm-2, and for water, the density is 1000 kgm-3 and viscosity is 8.9 × 10-4 Nsm-2. Answer: 2.7 kNm-2m-1arrow_forward15. Show that for a one-dimensional annular flow in a horizontal pipe with no acceleration, the pressure gradient on the gas core is dp= 4ti dz d√√α where t, is the interfacial shear stress and a is the gas void fraction.arrow_forwarda gas. Problems in Two phase flow docx horizontal pipe carrying a liquid and that can exist in 6. Explain what is meant by gas hold-up and describe ways in which it can be measured. Ets required to transporta ydrocarbon as a two-phase mixture ofarrow_forward
- 7. It is required to transport a hydrocarbon as a two-phase mixture of liquid and vapour along a smooth-walled pipe with an inside diam- eter of 100 mm. The total hydrocarbon flow rate is 2.4 kgs-1 with a vapour mass fraction of 0.085. The pipe is to operate at an absolute pressure of 2.2 bar. The liquid density is 720 kgm³, and viscosity is 4.8 × 10-4 Nsm², while for the vapour, the density is 1.63 kgm³, and the viscosity is 2.7 x 10-5 Nsm-2. Determine the maximum per- missible length of pipe if the pressure drop along the pipe is not to exceed 20 kNm-2. Answer: 44 marrow_forward13. Show that the gas void fraction for a flowing gas-liquid mixture can be expressed in terms of the phase velocity, quality, and densities of the mixture as 1 α = PU (1-x) 1+18 Բ. Ա. xarrow_forwardvelocis the air and water. Answer: 0.02605 kgs-1, 61.1 kgm 3, 0.94, 0.822 ms-1, 0.051 ms-1 5. Describe, with the use of sketches, the various two-phase flow regimes that can exist in a horizontal pipe carrying a liquid and a gas. 6. Explate what is mean by gas hold up and describe way which itarrow_forward
- 2. Describe, with the use of sketches, the various flow regimes that can exist in a vertical pipe carrying two-phase flow (liquid and gas). •arrow_forward12. A mixture of oil and gas flows through a horizontal pipe with an inside diameter of 150 mm. The respective volumetric flow rates for the oil and gas are 0.015 and 0.29 m³s-¹. Determine the gas void frac- tion and the average velocities of the oil and gas. The friction factor may be assumed to be 0.0045. The gas has a density of 2.4 kgm³ and viscosity of 1 x 10-5 Nsm-2. The oil has a density of 810 kgm-3 and density of 0.82 Nsm-2. Answer: 0.79, 20.8 ms-1, 4 ms-1arrow_forward14. A bubbly mixture of gas and liquid flows up a vertical glass tube with an internal diameter of 25 mm. The liquid flow is controlled to be 0.02 litres per second, and the gas flow is 10 litres per second. The bubble velocity is determined photographically to have a velocity of 30 ms-¹. Determine the gas void fraction for the two-phase mixture and the liquid velocity. Answer: 0.68, 0.13 ms-¹ CLarrow_forward
- 8.9 × 10-4 Nsm-2. Answer: 2.7 kNm²²m-1 4. An experimental test rig is used to examine two-phase flow regimes in horizontal pipelines. A particular experiment involved uses air and water at a temperature of 25°C, which flow through a horizontal glass tube with an internal diameter of 25.4 mm and a length of 40 m. Water is admitted at a controlled rate of 0.026 kgs-¹ at one end and air at a rate of 5 x 104 kgs¹ in the same direction. The density of water is 1000 kgm³, and the density of air is 1.2 kgm³. Determine the mass flow rate, the mean density, gas void fraction, and the superficial velocities of the air and water. Answer: 0.02605 kgs-1, 61.1 kgm-3, 0.94, 0.822 ms-1, 0.051 ms-1arrow_forwardA 1 μm radius water droplet is settling in paraffin oil. The oil contains an oil-soluble surfactant. The surface dilatational viscosity is 1×104 kg/s. Calculate the settling velocity using the Stokes, Hadamard-Rybczynski and the Boussinesq equations. Compare your results. The density of the oil is 770 kg/m³ and its viscosity is 0.8×10-³ Pa s. Sel Given: The semino velochy v. t the drop is calcula out in a song Rd=1×10-6 m, nath d=1×104 kg/s, Pooib Md=1×10-³ Pa s. S. μ=0.8×10-3 Pas Garing bigit p=770 kg/m³, logo Pd=1000 kg/m³arrow_forward1. Determine the range of mean density of a mixture of air in a 50:50 oil-water liquid phase across a range of gas void fractions. The den- sity of oil is 900 kgm³, water is 1000 kgm³, and gas is 10 kgm³.arrow_forward
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