Concept explainers
Which of the following includes only structures enclosed within the mediastinum?
(a) lungs, esophagus, heart
(b) heart, trachea, lungs
(c) esophagus, trachea, thymus
(d) pharynx, thymus, major vessels

Introduction:
The mediastinum refers to the middle section of the thoracic cavity. This region is surrounded by the loose connective tissue and it consists of a group of structures inside the thorax.
Answer to Problem 11RFT
Correct answer:
The mediastinum is present inside the thorax and it is covered on the right and left side by pleurae. It involves a number of organs.
Explanation of Solution
Explanation for the correct answer:
Option (c) is given as esophagus, trachea, and thymus. Mediastinum region comprises organs like the heart and its vessels, esophagus, phrenic, cardiac nerves, lymph nodes, thymus, thoracic duct, and cardiac nerves. Hence, option (c) is correct.
Explanation for incorrect answers:
Option (a) is given as lungs, esophagus, and heart. The lymph nodes of the central chest are included. It consists of all the organs except the lungs. So, it is an incorrect answer.
Option (b) is given heart, trachea, and lungs. All the organs are included in the mediastinum except for the lungs. So, it is an incorrect answer.
Option (d) is given as pharynx, thymus, and major vessels. Mediastinum starts is the middle section of the body and pharynx lies above it. So, it is an incorrect answer.
Hence, options (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect.
Therefore, it can be concluded that mediastinum does not include lungs and consists of all the other organs present in the middle section.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
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