Chapter 1, Problem 1.1P

List 10 uses. for surveying in areas other than land sunreying-

To determine

The list of ten uses for surveying in areas other than land surveying.

Explanation of Solution

The uses of surveying in areas other than land surveying are as follows

1. Topographic surveys: A topographic survey is used to create maps of any location or areas by determining the elevations of all the natural as well as artificial features.
2. Cadastral surveys: A cadastral survey is used to establish the property lines.
3. Hydrographic surveys: The hydrographic surveying is also known as underwater surveying used to determine the depth of the water bodies, for determining and updating the nautical data which is used in navigating the oceans, and investigation of the marine environment.
4. Astronomical surveys: Astronomical surveying is used to create an image of maps of celestial bodies and for determining the position of stars and planets.
5. Aerial surveys: Aerial surveying is used to create the maps or images of any location by using the high-quality cameras fixed at the bottom of airplanes, helicopters or any other aerial bodies.
6. Mine surveys: Mine surveying is done to determine the natural resources such as minerals and energy resources below the ground at greater depths.
7. Satellite surveys: Satellite surveying is used to determine the position and altitude of any point with the help of satellites revolving around the Earth. For example, the GPS (Global Positioning System).
8. Alignment surveys: Alignment surveying is used to create the maps and plans of linear projects. For example, railway, highways, sewer and pipelines and tunneling.
9. Remote sensing: Remote sensing is the technique of determining the information of any geographical area by sensing the reflected relations using high-power sensing devices.
10. Geographical information systems (GIS): The GIS is a computer system designed to collect, store, manipulate, and analyze the geographic data. This is done to create GIS-based maps. For example, google maps.

Conclusion:

There are many uses of surveying which are listed above.