
Concept explainers
Easy and understandable explanation of

Explanation of Solution
Given Information:
Point to be discussed −The practise of surveying
Surveying is the process of recording and analyzing different characteristics like altitude, angles, and distances of land surfaces to help in designing a plan or map for construction or for other engineering works. Surveying is helpful for making a decision and guide the design process as well as to build a complex structural system which can support other structures, mostly typically buildings, bridges, and other transportation infrastructure.
Basic types of surveying which are commonly used: Geodetic surveying, and Plane surveying (Land Surveying). Depending upon the nature of the survey, there are total eight types of surveying. Six types of surveying are classified on the basis of the type of instruments used for it.
Surveying of land or place is required to determine the relative positions of points on, above or beneath the surface of the earth. The fundamental principle of surveying is based on two aspects:
- Location of a point by measurement from two points of reference.
- Working from whole to part.
A survey process is carried out step by step that can provide exact data for which survey is performed. Following are the stages of surveying that should be performed:
- Field Work: - Fieldwork consists of the measurements of all the necessary horizontal and vertical angles, distances, etc. and keeping a systematic record in the field book. During fieldwork, the surveyor should examine the area to be surveyed in order to know the best possible ways for surveying it. With the help of survey instruments, essential data should be recorded in field book with extra care to ensure that correct entry of all the observation are made.
- Office work: - Office work comprises of drafting, computing, and designing. In drafting, preparation of plans, longitudinal sections and cross sections by plotting the field measurements to the desired scale. Computing covers the calculation of necessary data for plotting and determining the areas followed by selecting the best alignments of roads, canals, etc. through the designing process.
- Care & adjustments of instruments:- A great care is required for surveying instruments as they are providing many details like longitudes, altitudes etc. A forced movement or pressure can damage them and results can be improper. Precise instruments like theodolite, level, and prismatic compass required more care as compared to equipment like chains, arrows, ranging rods, etc.
These all basic steps can make a whole process of surveying very easy and well managed to provide efficient data for the survey.
Conclusion:
The process of surveying is an important part of any infrastructure or plan to be implemented. The data collected after any survey can be helpful for taking further decisions toward the project. The process of surveying can assure you that the construction taking place is in the correct manner as well as providing a complete and regular monitoring of construction.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Elementary Surveying (14th Edition)
- 6. A lake with no outlet is fed by a river with a constant flow of 1200 ft3/s. Water evaporates from the surface at a constant rate of 13 ft3/s per square mile of surface area. The surface area varies with the depth h (in feet) as A (square miles) = 4.5 + 5.5h. What is the equilibrium depth of the lake? Below what river discharge (volume flow rate) will the lake dry up?arrow_forwardProblem 5 (A, B, C and D are fixed). Find the reactions at A and D 8 k B 15 ft A -20 ft C 10 ft Darrow_forwardProblem 4 (A, B, E, D and F are all pin connected and C is fixed) Find the reactions at A, D and F 8 m B 6m E 12 kN D F 4 marrow_forward
- Problem 1 (A, C and D are pins) Find the reactions and A, C and D. D 6 m B 12 kN/m 8 m A C 6 marrow_forwardUniform Grade of Pipe Station of Point A is 9+50.00. Elevation Point A = 250.75.Station of Point B is 13+75.00. Elevation Point B = 244.10 1) Calculate flowline of pipe elevations at every 50 ft. interval (Half Station). 2) Tabulate station and elevation for each station like shown on example 3) Draw Sketcharrow_forward40m 150N B 40marrow_forward
- Note: Please accurately answer it!. I'll give it a thumbs up or down based on the answer quality and precision. Question: What is the group name of Sample B in problem 3 from the image?. By also using the ASTM flow chart!. This unit is soil mechanics btwarrow_forwardPick the rural location of a project site in Victoria, and its catchment area-not bigger than 25 sqkm, and given the below information, determine the rainfall intensity for ARI = 5, 50, 100 year storm event. Show all the details of the procedure. Each student must propose different length of streams and elevations. Use fig below as a sample only. Pt. E-ht. 95.0 200m 600m PLD-M. 91.0 300m Pt. C-93.0 300m PL.B-ht. 92.0 PL.F-ht. 96.0 500m Pt. A-M. 91.00 To be deemed satisfactory the solution must include: Q.F1.1.Choice of catchment location Q.F1.2. A sketch displaying length of stream and elevation Q.F1.3. Catchment's IFD obtained from the Buro of Metheorology for specified ARI Q.F1.4.Calculation of the time of concentration-this must include a detailed determination of the equivalent slope. Q.F1.5.Use must be made of the Bransby-Williams method for the determination of the equivalent slope. Q.F1.6.The graphical display of the estimation of intensities for ARI 5,50, 100 must be shown.arrow_forwardQUANTITY SURVEYINGarrow_forward
- Structural Analysis (10th Edition)Civil EngineeringISBN:9780134610672Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSONPrinciples of Foundation Engineering (MindTap Cou...Civil EngineeringISBN:9781337705028Author:Braja M. Das, Nagaratnam SivakuganPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Fundamentals of Structural AnalysisCivil EngineeringISBN:9780073398006Author:Kenneth M. Leet Emeritus, Chia-Ming Uang, Joel LanningPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationTraffic and Highway EngineeringCivil EngineeringISBN:9781305156241Author:Garber, Nicholas J.Publisher:Cengage Learning





