Process Dynamics And Control, 4e
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781119385561
Author: Seborg, Dale E.
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 1, Problem 1.12E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Controlled, manipulated, and disturbance variables in the given figure are to be identified. Also, the effect of time length required on the waste concentration in the dialysis treatment is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
A control system is a system that regulates or monitors the behavior or working of other devices/systems using control loops. It can be used to control a single device or large industrial processes.
Controlled variables (CVs) are the process variables that can be controlled, and its desired value is known as the set point.
Manipulated variables (MVs) are the process variables that are adjusted by the controller to keep its value close to the set point.
Disturbance variables (DVs) are the process variable that affects the controlled variables, but they cannot be manipulated and are associated with any changes in the operating environment of the ongoing process.
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Example A continuous fractionating column is to be design to separate 30 Ib/h of a mixture of 40 percent benzene and 60 percent toluene into an overhead product containing 97 percent benzene and a bottom product containing 98 percent toluene. These percentages are by weight. A reflux ratio of 3.5 mol to 1 mol of product is to be used. The molal latent heats of benzene and toluene are 7,360 and 7,960 cal/mol, respectively. Benzene and toluene form an ideal system with a relative volatility of about 2.5; the equilibrium curve is shown in Figure below. The feed has a boiling point of 95 °C at a pressure of 1 atm.
(a) Calculate the moles of overhead product and bottom product per hour.
(b) Determine the number of ideal plate and the position of the feed plate:
(i) if the feed is liquid and at its boiling point.
(ii)if the feed is liquid and at 20 °C (specific heat 0.44 cal/ g.°C) (iii) if the feed is a mixture of two-thirds vapor and one-third liquid.
(c) If steam at 20 Ib/in? (1.36 atm)…
Hydrogen, important for numerous processes, can be produced by the shift reaction:
CO+H2O-CO2 +H2
In the reactor system shown in the Figure, the conditions of conversion have been adjusted so
that the H2 content of the effluent from the reactor is 3 mol %. Based on the data in following
figure:
a. Calculate the composition of the fresh feed.
b. Calculate the moles of recycle per mole of hydrogen produced.
Recycle
CO, H2O
Feed
CO
H₂O
Reactor
%
3 mol %
H₂
Separator
%
CO₂ 48
H₂ 48
CO 4
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