AP* Chemistry: The Central Science (NASTA Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780134650951
Author: Brown and Lemay
Publisher: PEARSON
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A solid white substance A is heated strongly in the absence of air. It decomposes to form a new white substance B and a gas C. The gas has exactly the same properties as the product obtained when carbon is burned in an excess of oxygen. Based on these observations, can we determine whether solids A and B and gas C are elements or compounds? Explain your conclusions for each substance.
In which form of water are the water moleculesfarthest apart?
1a. Diamond, graphite, and copper have very different properties but are made of networks
of atoms. List the properties of each below in the table.
Copper
Graphite
Diamond
Melting point (low/high)
Color and hardness
Malleability and ductility
Shiny/opaque/translucent
Conductor of heat and
electricity
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- 1f a piece of hard, white blackboard chalk is heated strongly in a flame, the mass of the piece of chalk will decrease, and eventually the chalk will crumble into a white dust. Does this change suggest that the chalk is composed of an element or a compound?arrow_forward1.82 Which of the following molecular-scale diagrams best represents a pure compound? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardAll of the following processes involve a separation of either a mixture into substances or a compound into elements. For each, decide whether a physical process or a chemical reaction is required. a Sodium metal is obtained from the substance sodium chloride. b Iron filings are separated from sand by using a magnet. c Sugar crystals are separated from a sugar syrup by evaporation of water. d Fine crystals of silver chloride are separated from a suspension of the crystals in water. e Copper is produced when zinc metal is placed in a solution of copper(II) sulfate, a compound.arrow_forward
- Decide whether each of the following is a physical property or a chemical property of the substance. a Salt substitute, potassium chloride, dissolves in water. b Seashells, calcium carbonate, fizz when immersed in vinegar. c The gas hydrogen sulfide smells like rotten eggs. d Fine steel wool (Fe) can be burned in air. e Pure water freezes at 0C.arrow_forwardIf we classify substances as ionic, molecular, macromolecular, or metallic, in which if any categories are all the members a. soluble in water? b. electrical conductors in the melt? c. insoluble in all common solvents? d. solids at room temperature?arrow_forwardPotassium sulfate has a solubility of 15 g/ 100 g water at 40C. A solution is prepared by adding 39.0 g of potassium sulfate to 225 g of water, carefully heating the solution, and cooling it to 40C. A homogeneous solution is obtained. Is this solution saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated? The beaker is shaken, and precipitation occurs. How many grams of potassium sulfate would you expect to crystallize out?arrow_forward
- Consider two boxes with the following contents: the first box contains 10 blue paper clips and 10 red paper clips; the second contains the same number of each color of paper clip with the difference that each blue paper clip is interlocked with a red paper clip. Which box has contents that would be an analogy for a mixture, and which box has contents that would be an analogy for a compound?arrow_forwardClassify each of these as an element, a compound, a heterogeneous mixture, or a homogeneous mixture. Explain your choice in each case. (a) Chunky peanut butter (b) Distilled water (c) Platinum (d) Airarrow_forwardYou receive a mixture of table salt and sand and have to separate the mixture into pure substances. Explain how you would carry out this task. Is your method based on physical or chemical properties? Explain.arrow_forward
- Which part of the description of a compound or element refers to its physical properties and which to its chemical properties? (a) Calcium carbonate is a white solid with a density of 2.71 g/cm3. It reacts readily with an acid to produce gaseous carbon dioxide. (b) Gray, powdered zinc metal reacts with purple iodine to give a white compoundarrow_forwardIn Figure 1.2 you see a piece of salt and a representation of its internal structure. Which is the macroscopic view and which is the particulate view? How are the macroscopic and particulate views related?arrow_forwardWhich of the following represent physical properties or changes, and which represent chemical properties or changes? You curl your hair with a curling iron. You curl your hair by getting a “permanent wave” at the hair salon. Ice on your sidewalk melts when you put salt on it. A glass of water evaporates overnight when it is left on the bedside table. Your steak chars if the skillet is too hot. Alcohol feels cool when it is spilled on the skin. Alcohol ignites when a flame is brought near it. Baking powder causes biscuits to rise.arrow_forward
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