Zero Divisors: Let R be a ring, a, b, c ∈R, and fix m ∈Z. (a) Show that S = {r ∈R : mr = 0R } is a subring of R. (b) Suppose a is not a zero divisor. Prove that a can be cancelled on both the left and the right, id est i. ab = ac ⇒ b = c, and ii. ba = ca ⇒ b = c. (c) Prove that if ab is a zero divisor, then at least one of a or b is a zero divisor.

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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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Zero Divisors: Let R be a ring, a, b, c ∈R, and fix m ∈Z.
(a) Show that S = {r ∈R : mr = 0R } is a subring of R.
(b) Suppose a is not a zero divisor. Prove that a can be cancelled on both the left and the right,
id est
i. ab = ac ⇒ b = c, and
ii. ba = ca ⇒ b = c.
(c) Prove that if ab is a zero divisor, then at least one of a or b is a zero divisor.
(d) Suppose R is commutative. Prove that if a or b is a zero divisor and ab  ̸= 0R, then ab is a
zero divisor.

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