Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
Conducting a titration
Your objective is to determine the concentration of a solution of acid HA by means of an
B(OH)2 + HA → BA2 + H2O
Materials provided
- a solution of HA of unknown molarity (titrant)
- a solution of B(OH)2 of concentration 0.15 M (analyte)
- methyl orange indicator
Equipment per station
- Stand, clamp, white tile
- conical flask (100 mL)
- Burette (50 mL)
- Pipette (25 mL)
- Glass funnel
- Paper towels, pasteur pipettes, pen (for labelling glassware), beaker
a) Using Figure 3 and the equipment and materials lists provided, outline how you would carry out a series of titrations to determine the molarity of the HA solution (Wordcount: 250 words).
b) The starting and end burette readings for four separate titration experiments are given in Table 1.
- Fill in the table
- Determine the average volume of HA used.
Table 1. Burette readings for HA (in ml)
|
Titration |
Initial burette reading (ml) |
Final burette reading (ml) |
Volume of HA used (ml) |
|
1 |
0 |
16.0 |
|
|
2 |
16.0 |
31.3 |
|
|
3 |
31.3 |
46.5 |
|
|
4 |
0 |
15.2 |
|
c) Balance the chemical equation of the reaction between HA and B(OH)2
d) Determine the concentration of HA
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