You might think that if you looked at the first digit in randomly selected numbers that the distribution would be uniform. Actually, it is not! Simon Newcomb and later Frank Benford both discovered that the digits occur according to the following distribution: (digit, probability) (1, 0.301), (2, 0.176), (3, 0.125), (4, 0.097), (5, 0.079), (6, 0.067), (7, 0.058), (8, 0.051), (9, 0.046) The IRS currently uses Benford's Law to detect fraudulent tax data. Suppose you work for the IRS and are investigating an individual suspected of embezzling. The first digit of 146 checks to a supposed company are as follows: Digit 1 2 34 56 |7|8 |9 Observed Frequency 36 23 12 20 17 107| 147 a. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for this test. b. Explain why a = 0.01 is an appropriate choice for the level of significance in this situation. c. What is the P-Value? Report answer to 4 decimal places P-Value = d. What is your decision? O Fail to reject the Null Hypothesis O Reject the Null Hypothesis
You might think that if you looked at the first digit in randomly selected numbers that the distribution would be uniform. Actually, it is not! Simon Newcomb and later Frank Benford both discovered that the digits occur according to the following distribution: (digit, probability) (1, 0.301), (2, 0.176), (3, 0.125), (4, 0.097), (5, 0.079), (6, 0.067), (7, 0.058), (8, 0.051), (9, 0.046) The IRS currently uses Benford's Law to detect fraudulent tax data. Suppose you work for the IRS and are investigating an individual suspected of embezzling. The first digit of 146 checks to a supposed company are as follows: Digit 1 2 34 56 |7|8 |9 Observed Frequency 36 23 12 20 17 107| 147 a. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for this test. b. Explain why a = 0.01 is an appropriate choice for the level of significance in this situation. c. What is the P-Value? Report answer to 4 decimal places P-Value = d. What is your decision? O Fail to reject the Null Hypothesis O Reject the Null Hypothesis
Chapter8: Sequences, Series,and Probability
Section8.7: Probability
Problem 35E: Unemployment In 2015, there were approximately 8.3 million unemployed workers in the United States....
Related questions
Topic Video
Question
I need help solving this

Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription and Explanation for an Educational Website**
---
**Understanding Benford's Law and its Application in Detecting Fraud**
You might think that if you looked at the first digit in randomly selected numbers that the distribution would be uniform. Actually, it is not! Simon Newcomb and later Frank Benford both discovered that the digits occur according to the following distribution: (digit, probability)
- (1, 0.301)
- (2, 0.176)
- (3, 0.125)
- (4, 0.097)
- (5, 0.079)
- (6, 0.067)
- (7, 0.058)
- (8, 0.051)
- (9, 0.046)
The IRS currently uses Benford's Law to detect fraudulent tax data. Suppose you work for the IRS and are investigating an individual suspected of embezzling. The first digit of 146 checks to a supposed company are as follows:
| Digit | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
|-------------------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|
| Observed Frequency | 36 | 23 | 12 | 20 | 17 | 10 | 7 | 14 | 7 |
**Statistical Analysis and Hypotheses Testing**
a. **State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for this test.**
- Null hypothesis (H₀): The first digit distribution of the checks follows Benford's Law.
- Alternative hypothesis (H₁): The first digit distribution of the checks does not follow Benford's Law.
b. **Explain why \(\alpha = 0.01\) is an appropriate choice for the level of significance in this situation.**
- A lower alpha level (0.01) reduces the risk of Type I error, which is important in legal contexts such as fraud detection, where incorrect rejections of the null hypothesis could have serious consequences.
c. **What is the P-Value? Report the answer to 4 decimal places**
- P-Value = ___ (to be calculated based on data provided)
d. **What is your decision?**
- Options:
- Fail to reject the Null Hypothesis
-
Expert Solution

This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
This is a popular solution!
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps

Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Recommended textbooks for you


Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897…
Algebra
ISBN:
9780079039897
Author:
Carter
Publisher:
McGraw Hill



Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897…
Algebra
ISBN:
9780079039897
Author:
Carter
Publisher:
McGraw Hill

Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry
Algebra
ISBN:
9781133382119
Author:
Swokowski
Publisher:
Cengage