You have a potential project for which you want to establish the value of any possible real options. The project will have an initial cost of $86 million, which must be paid at the time of investment. You realize that the project has four possible cash flows starting in year 1 and continuing forever. First, there is a 22% chance of earning $1.02 million per year starting in year 1. Second, there is a 26% chance of earning $6.54 million per year starting in year 1. Third, there is a 20% chance the the project will earn $5.82 million per year. Fourth, there is a chance that the project will earn $3.22. These are the only four possibilities. In 2 year(s), you will be able to improve the quality of your manufacturing process to increase the net CFs from the project if you would like to. The cost of this will be $62 million, and the cash flows will increase beginning immediately when you make this investment (the CFs increase starting the same year that you pay the improvement cost) and will remain at the new level forever, if you choose to 'improve' the project. The 'improvement' will increase the project's cash flows by 120%. The risk-free rate and appropriate discount rate for the project is 5%. What is the value today of this option to 'improve'? Hint: you can treat this the same way you would an expansion option. Input your answer in millions of dollars, rounded to the nearest 0.001 (e.g.. $19,056,129 would be entered as 19.056)
Net Present Value
Net present value is the most important concept of finance. It is used to evaluate the investment and financing decisions that involve cash flows occurring over multiple periods. The difference between the present value of cash inflow and cash outflow is termed as net present value (NPV). It is used for capital budgeting and investment planning. It is also used to compare similar investment alternatives.
Investment Decision
The term investment refers to allocating money with the intention of getting positive returns in the future period. For example, an asset would be acquired with the motive of generating income by selling the asset when there is a price increase.
Factors That Complicate Capital Investment Analysis
Capital investment analysis is a way of the budgeting process that companies and the government use to evaluate the profitability of the investment that has been done for the long term. This can include the evaluation of fixed assets such as machinery, equipment, etc.
Capital Budgeting
Capital budgeting is a decision-making process whereby long-term investments is evaluated and selected based on whether such investment is worth pursuing in future or not. It plays an important role in financial decision-making as it impacts the profitability of the business in the long term. The benefits of capital budgeting may be in the form of increased revenue or reduction in cost. The capital budgeting decisions include replacing or rebuilding of the fixed assets, addition of an asset. These long-term investment decisions involve a large number of funds and are irreversible because the market for the second-hand asset may be difficult to find and will have an effect over long-time spam. A right decision can yield favorable returns on the other hand a wrong decision may have an effect on the sustainability of the firm. Capital budgeting helps businesses to understand risks that are involved in undertaking capital investment. It also enables them to choose the option which generates the best return by applying the various capital budgeting techniques.
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