Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity 10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
1 Basic Concepts Of Chemistry 2 Atoms Molecules And Ions 3 Chemical Reactions 4 Stoichiometry: Quantitative Information About Chemical Reactions 5 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Energy And Chemical Reactions 6 The Structure Of Atoms 7 The Structure Of Atoms And Periodic Trends 8 Bonding And Molecular Structure 9 Bonding And Molecular Structure: Orbital Hybridization And Molecular Orbitals 10 Gases And Their Properties 11 Intermolecular Forces And Liquids 12 The Solid State 13 Solutions And Their Behavior 14 Chemical Kinetics: The Rates Of Chemical Reactions 15 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Equilibria 16 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: The Chemistry Of Acids And Bases 17 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Other Aspects Of Aqueous Equilibria 18 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Entropy And Free Energy 19 Principles Of Chemical Reactivity: Electron Transfer Reactions 20 Environmental Chemistry-earth's Environment, Energy, And Sustainability 21 The Chemistry Of The Main Group Elements 22 The Chemistry Of The Transistion Elements 23 Carbon: Not Just Another Element 24 Biochemistry 25 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter10: Gases And Their Properties
10.1 Modeling A State Of Matter: Gases And Gas Pressure 10.2 Gas Laws: The Experimental Basis 10.3 The Ideal Gas Law 10.4 Gas Laws And Chemical Reactions 10.5 Gas Mixtures And Partial Pressures 10.6 The Kinetic-molecular Theory Of Gases 10.7 Diffusion And Effusion 10.8 Nonideal Behavior Of Gases Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1PS: Pressure (See Section 10.1 and Example 10.1.) The pressure of a gas is 440 mm Hg. Express this... Problem 2PS: The average barometric pressure at an altitude of 10 km is 210 mm Hg. Express this pressure in... Problem 3PS: Indicate which represents the higher pressure in each of the following pairs: (a) 534 mm Hg or 0.754... Problem 4PS: Put the following in order of increasing pressure: 363 mm Hg, 363 kPa, 0.256 atm, and 0.523 bar. Problem 5PS Problem 6PS Problem 7PS: You have 3.5 L of NO at a temperature of 22.0 C. What volume would the NO occupy at 37 C? (Assume... Problem 8PS Problem 9PS Problem 10PS: You have a sample of CO2 in flask A with a volume of 25.0 mL. At 20.5 C, the pressure of the gas is... Problem 11PS: You have a sample of gas in a flask with a volume of 250 mL. At 25.5 C, the pressure of the gas is... Problem 12PS: A sample of gas occupies 135 mL at 22.5 C; the pressure is 165 mm Hg. What is the pressure of the... Problem 13PS: One of the cylinders of an automobile engine has a volume of 400. cm3. The engine takes in air at a... Problem 14PS: A helium-filled balloon of the type used in long-distance flying contains 420,000 ft3 (1.2 107 L)... Problem 15PS: Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen to give nitrogen dioxide. 2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g) (a) You... Problem 16PS: Ethane bums in air to give H2O and CO2. 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g) What volume of O2... Problem 17PS: A 1.25-g sample of CO2 is contained in a 750.-mL flask at 22.5 C. What is the pressure of the gas? Problem 18PS: A balloon holds 30.0 kg of helium. What is the volume of the balloon if its pressure is 1.20 atm and... Problem 19PS: A flask is first evacuated so that it contains no gas at all. Then, 2.2 g of CO2 is introduced into... Problem 20PS Problem 21PS Problem 22PS Problem 23PS: Forty miles above Earths surface, the temperature is 250 K, and the pressure is only 0.20 mm Hg.... Problem 24PS Problem 25PS: A gaseous organofluorine compound has a density of 0.355 g/L at 17 C and 189 mm Hg. What is the... Problem 26PS Problem 27PS: A 1 007-g sample of an unknown gas exerts a pressure of 715 mm Hg in a 452-mL container at 23 C.... Problem 28PS: A 0.0130-g sample of a gas with an empirical formula of C4H5 is placed in a 165-mL flask. It has a... Problem 29PS: A new boron hydride, BxHy, has been isolated. To find its molar mass, you measure the pressure of... Problem 30PS: Acetaldehyde is a common liquid compound that vaporizes readily. Determine the molar mass of... Problem 31PS: Iron reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce iron(II) chloride and hydrogen gas: Fe(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ... Problem 32PS: Silane, SiH4, reacts with O2 to give silicon dioxide and water: SiH4(g) + 2 O2(g) SiO2(s) + 2 H2O()... Problem 33PS Problem 34PS: The hydrocarbon octane (C8H18) bums to give CO2 and water vapor: 2 C8H18(g) + 25 O2(g) 16 CO2(g) +... Problem 35PS Problem 36PS: A self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) uses canisters containing potassium... Problem 37PS: What is the total pressure in atmospheres of a gas mixture that contains 1.0 g of H2 and 8.0 g of Ar... Problem 38PS: A cylinder of compressed gas is labeled Composition (mole %): 4.5% H2S, 3.0% CO2, balance N2. The... Problem 39PS: A halothane-oxygen mixture (C2HBrCIF3 + O2) can be used as an anesthetic. A tank containing such a... Problem 40PS: A collapsed balloon is filled with He to a volume of 12.5 L at a pressure of 1.00 atm. Oxygen, O2,... Problem 41PS: You have two flasks of equal volume. Flask A contains H2 at 0 C and 1 atm pressure. Flask B contains... Problem 42PS: Equal masses of gaseous N2 and Ar are placed in separate flasks of equal volume at the same... Problem 43PS: If the rms speed of an oxygen molecule is 4.28 104 cm/s at a given temperature, what is the rms... Problem 44PS Problem 45PS: Place the following gases in order of increasing rms speed at 25 C: Ar, CH4, N2, CH2F2. Problem 46PS Problem 47PS: In each pair of gases below, tell which will effuse faster: (a) CO2 or F2 (b) O2 or N2 (c) C2H4 or... Problem 48PS Problem 49PS Problem 50PS: A sample of uranium fluoride is found to effuse at the rate of 17.7 mg/h. Under comparable... Problem 51PS Problem 52PS Problem 53PS: In the text, it is stated that the pressure of 4.00 mol of Cl2 in a 4.00-L tank at 100.0 C should be... Problem 54PS: You want to store 165 g of CO2 gas in a 12.5-L tank at room temperature (25 C). Calculate the... Problem 55PS: Consider a 5.00-L tank containing 325 g of H2O at a temperature of 275 C. (a) Calculate the pressure... Problem 56PS: Consider a 5.00-L tank containing 375 g of Ar at a temperature of 25 C. (a) Calculate the pressure... Problem 57GQ: Complete the following table: Problem 58GQ: On combustion, 1.0 L of a gaseous compound of hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen gives 2.0 L of CO2, 3.5... Problem 59GQ: You have a sample of helium gas at 33 C, and you want to increase the rms speed of helium atoms by... Problem 60GQ Problem 61GQ: Butyl mercaptan, C4H9SH, has a very bad odor and is among the compounds added to natural gas to help... Problem 62GQ Problem 63GQ: The temperature of the atmosphere on Mars can be as high as 27 C at the equator at noon, and the... Problem 64GQ: If you place 2.25 g of solid silicon in a 6.56-L flask that contains CH3Cl with a pressure of 585 mm... Problem 65GQ: What volume (in liters) of O2, measured at standard temperature and pressure, is required to oxidize... Problem 66GQ: Nitroglycerin decomposes into four different gases when detonated: 4 C3H5(NO3)3() 6 N2(g) + O2(g) +... Problem 67GQ: Ni(CO)4 can be made by reacting finely divided nickel with gaseous CO. If you have CO in a 1.50-L... Problem 68GQ: Ethane bums in air to give H2O and CO2. 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g) (a) Four gases are... Problem 69GQ: You have four gas samples: 1. 1.0 L of H2 at STP 2. 1.0 L of Ar at STP 3. 1.0 L of H2 at 27 C and... Problem 70GQ: Propane reacts with oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water vapor. C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) 3 CO2(g) + 4... Problem 71GQ: Iron carbonyl can be made by the direct reaction of iron metal and carbon monoxide. Fe(s) + 5 CO(g) ... Problem 72GQ Problem 73GQ: There are five compounds in the family of sulfur-fluorine compounds with the general formula SxFy.... Problem 74GQ: A miniature volcano can be made in the laboratory with ammonium dichromate. When ignited, it... Problem 75GQ: The density of air 20 km above Earths surface is 92 g/m3. The pressure of the atmosphere is 42 mm... Problem 76GQ Problem 77GQ: Chlorine dioxide, ClO2, reacts with fluorine to give a new gas that contains Cl, O, and F. In an... Problem 78GQ: A xenon fluoride can be prepared by heating a mixture of Xe and F2 gases to a high temperature in a... Problem 79GQ Problem 80GQ Problem 81GQ Problem 83GQ: Carbon dioxide, CO2, was shown lo effuse through a porous plate at the rate of 0.033 mol/min. The... Problem 84GQ Problem 85GQ Problem 86GQ Problem 87GQ: You are given 1.56 g of a mixture of KClO3 and KCl. When heated, the KClO3 decomposes to KCl and O2,... Problem 88GQ: A study of climbers who reached the summit of Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen showed that... Problem 89GQ: Nitrogen monoxide reacts with oxygen to give nitrogen dioxide: 2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g) (a) Place... Problem 90GQ: Ammonia gas is synthesized by combining hydrogen and nitrogen: 3 H2(g) + N2(g) 2 NH3(g) (a) If you... Problem 91GQ: Nitrogen trifluoride is prepared by the reaction of ammonia and fluorine. 4 NH3(g) + 3 F2(g) 3... Problem 92GQ: Chlorine trifluoride, ClF3, is a valuable reagent because it can be used to convert metal oxides to... Problem 93GQ Problem 94GQ Problem 95IL: You have a 550.-mL tank of gas with a pressure of 1.56 atm at 24 C. You thought the gas was pure... Problem 96IL Problem 97IL Problem 98IL: Group 2A metal carbonates are decomposed to the metal oxide and CO2 on heating: MCO3(s) MO(s) +... Problem 99IL: One way to synthesize diborane, B2H6, is the reaction 2 NaBH4(s) + 2 H3PO4() B2H6(g) + 2 NaH2PO4(s)... Problem 100IL: You are given a solid mixture of NaNO2 and NaCl and are asked to analyze it for the amount of NaNO2... Problem 101IL: You have 1.249 g of a mixture of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3. You find that 12.0 mL of 1.50 M HCl is required... Problem 102IL Problem 103IL: Many nitrate salts can be decomposed by heating. For example, blue, anhydrous copper(II) nitrate... Problem 105IL: You have a gas, one of the three known phosphorus-fluorine compounds (PF3, PF3, and P2F4). To find... Problem 106IL Problem 107SCQ: A 1.0-L flask contains 10.0 g each of O2 and CO2 at 25 C. (a) Which gas has the greater partial... Problem 108SCQ: If equal masses of O2 and N2 are placed in separate containers of equal volume at the same... Problem 109SCQ: You have two pressure-proof steel cylinders of equal volume, one containing 1.0 kg of CO and the... Problem 110SCQ Problem 111SCQ Problem 112SCQ: Each of four flasks is filled with a different gas. Each flask has the same volume, and each is... Problem 113SCQ Problem 114SCQ: The sodium azide required for automobile air bags is made by the reaction of sodium metal with... Problem 115SCQ Problem 116SCQ Problem 38PS: A cylinder of compressed gas is labeled Composition (mole %): 4.5% H2S, 3.0% CO2, balance N2. The...
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Concept explainers
You have 17.14 lb of CO2 in a 47.26 ft3 fire extinguisher tank at 50degC. Assuming that the ideal gas law holds, what will the pressure gauge (in psig) on the tank read in a test to see if the extinguisher is full?
MW: C:12, O:16
Definition Definition Law that is the combined form of Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Avogadro's Law. This law is obeyed by all ideal gas. Boyle's Law states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume. Charles's Law states that volume is in direct relation to temperature. Avogadro's Law shows that volume is in direct relation to the number of moles in the gas. The mathematical equation for the ideal gas law equation has been formulated by taking all the equations into account: PV=nRT Where P = pressure of the ideal gas V = volume of the ideal gas n = amount of ideal gas measured in moles R = universal gas constant and its value is 8.314 J.K-1mol-1 T = temperature
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