You drive a beat-up pickup truck along a straight road for 8.4 km at 70 km/h, at which point the truck runs out of gaso- line and stops. Over the next 30 min, you walk another 2.0 km farther along the road to a gasoline station. (a) What is your overall displacement from the beginning of your drive to your arrival at the station?
Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration
In classical mechanics, kinematics deals with the motion of a particle. It deals only with the position, velocity, acceleration, and displacement of a particle. It has no concern about the source of motion.
Linear Displacement
The term "displacement" refers to when something shifts away from its original "location," and "linear" refers to a straight line. As a result, “Linear Displacement” can be described as the movement of an object in a straight line along a single axis, for example, from side to side or up and down. Non-contact sensors such as LVDTs and other linear location sensors can calculate linear displacement. Non-contact sensors such as LVDTs and other linear location sensors can calculate linear displacement. Linear displacement is usually measured in millimeters or inches and may be positive or negative.
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Sample Problem 2.01 Average velocity, beat-up pickup truc
You drive a beat-up pickup truck along a straight road for
8.4 km at 70 km/h, at which point the truck runs out of gaso-
line and stops. Over the next 30 min, you walk another
2.0 km farther along the road to a gasoline station.
Calculation
(a) What is your overall displacement from the beginning
of your drive to your arrival at the station?
To find va
shown in F
the graph am
average ve
those point
to the run (
KEY IDEA
Assume, for convenience, that you move in the positive di-
rection of an x axis, from a first position of x, = 0 to a second
position of x2 at the station. That second position must be at
x2 = 8.4 km + 2.0 km = 10.4 km. Then your displacement Ax
along the x axis is the second position minus the first position.
(d) Suppo:
back to the
Calculation: From Eq. 2-1, we have
average sp
return to th
Ar = x2 - x, = 10.4 km – 0 = 10.4 km.
(Answer)
KEY IDE
Thus, your overall displacement is 10.4 km in the positive
direction of the x axis.
Your avera
(b) What is the time interval At from the beginning of your
drive to your arrival at the station?
move to th
Calculatio,
km = 12.4
KEY IDEA
0.75 h = 1.
We already know the walking time interval Atw (= 0.50 h),
but we lack the driving time interval Atgr. However, we
know that for the drive the displacement Ax4 is 8.4 km and
the average velocity vavg.dr is 70 km/h. Thus, this average
velocity is the ratio of the displacement for the drive to the
time interval for the drive.
Calculations: We first write
12
Ax dr
10
Vavg.dr =
Atar
Rearranging and substituting data then give us
Ardr
8.4 km
Att =
= 0.12 h.
Vavg.dr
70 km/h
So,
At = Att + Atwik
= 0.12 h + 0.50 h = 0.62 h.
(Answer)
(c) What is your average velocity vavg from the beginning of
your drive to your arrival at the station? Find it both numer-
ically and graphically.
Figure 2-5 Th
position-tim
for the walk
KEY IDEA
From Eq. 2-2 we know that vavg for the entire trip is the ratio
of the displacement of 10.4 km for the entire trip to the time
interval of 0.62 h for the entire trip.
slope of the
"Station" is
to the statio
Position (km)
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