You are working in a controlled environmental laboratory. For the experiments with which you are assisting, the temperature in the laboratory must stay fixed. Your supervisor has designed the sensitive mercury thermometer shown in the figure below. The graduated Pyrex glass capillary tube on the top has a diameter of 0.00470 cm and a length = 3.50 cm, and the very thin Pyrex glass bulb has a diameter of 0.240 cm. At the beginning of an experiment, the temperature in the laboratory is 23.0°C and the level of mercury is exactly at the bottom of the glass capillary as shown on the left in the figure below. Your supervisor asks you to determine the maximum temperature measurable by the thermometer (in °C), that is, the temperature at which mercury will reach the top of the capillary tube as shown on the right in the figure below. Because of the very small volume of the capillary tube compared to that of the glass sphere, you can ignore its expansion as the temperature changes. °℃ T; A T; + AT
Fluid Pressure
The term fluid pressure is coined as, the measurement of the force per unit area of a given surface of a closed container. It is a branch of physics that helps to study the properties of fluid under various conditions of force.
Gauge Pressure
Pressure is the physical force acting per unit area on a body; the applied force is perpendicular to the surface of the object per unit area. The air around us at sea level exerts a pressure (atmospheric pressure) of about 14.7 psi but this doesn’t seem to bother anyone as the bodily fluids are constantly pushing outwards with the same force but if one swims down into the ocean a few feet below the surface one can notice the difference, there is increased pressure on the eardrum, this is due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure.
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