You are tasked with designing a Vending Machine system that incorporates a Keypad (4x3) for user input. The keypad has a total of 12 buttons [10 numeric and 2 special character buttons (*,#)] and the 10 numeric buttons represent the following food items of vending machine: 0 Coke 1 Sprite 2 Dew 3 Pepsi 4 Mojo 5 Coffee 6 Drinko 7 Lays 8 Sun 9 Alooz The system has an LCD connected in Port A and 4 LEDs connected in PortB. If anyone comes and presses any key of the keypad then the LCD will show the selected item name. For example if 2 is pressed the LCD will show: "Selected: Dew". Once selected the user can change selection by pressing other options of the keypad as well. Once the user presses '#' the 4 LEDs will start blinking for 2sec with 0.4sec delay and the LCD will show "Thank You" for 2 sec and then it will be cleared. If the user presses **' after selecting an item the display will show "Have A Good Day" and nothing will happen to the LEDs. Now draw the circuit diagram and write the program for ATmega32 based on the above scenario.

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Electrical Heating Unit

The conversion of electrical energy to heat energy is known as electric heating. The heating system that converts the electrical energy to heat energy for various application is called electrical heating unit. Electricity is employed as the firing mechanism in electric heating systems, which transforms electric current to heat. Electric heaters have heating elements in the form of electric resistors.