you are interested in the relationship between Reading and Writing scores. (a) Provide the scatterplot for the association between Reading and Writing scores. Based on the scatterplot, do you expect Reading to be
Correlation
Correlation defines a relationship between two independent variables. It tells the degree to which variables move in relation to each other. When two sets of data are related to each other, there is a correlation between them.
Linear Correlation
A correlation is used to determine the relationships between numerical and categorical variables. In other words, it is an indicator of how things are connected to one another. The correlation analysis is the study of how variables are related.
Regression Analysis
Regression analysis is a statistical method in which it estimates the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variable. In simple terms dependent variable is called as outcome variable and independent variable is called as predictors. Regression analysis is one of the methods to find the trends in data. The independent variable used in Regression analysis is named Predictor variable. It offers data of an associated dependent variable regarding a particular outcome.
- Suppose that you are interested in the relationship between Reading and Writing scores.
(a) Provide the scatterplot for the association between Reading and Writing scores. Based on the scatterplot, do you expect Reading to be correlated with Writing? If so, based only on the plot, would you expect the
(b) Report the value of the correlation between Reading and Writing scores, and whether it is statistically significant. Do these results agree with your expectations from part (a)?
RDG | WRTG |
34 | 44 |
47 | 36 |
42 | 59 |
39 | 41 |
36 | 49 |
50 | 46 |
63 | 65 |
44 | 52 |
47 | 41 |
44 | 50 |
50 | 62 |
44 | 41 |
47 | 40 |
42 | 59 |
42 | 41 |
47 | 41 |
60 | 65 |
39 | 49 |
57 | 54 |
73 | 65 |
47 | 46 |
39 | 44 |
35 | 39 |
39 | 41 |
48 | 49 |
31 | 41 |
52 | 63 |
47 | 54 |
36 | 44 |
47 | 44 |
34 | 46 |
52 | 57 |
42 | 40 |
37 | 44 |
44 | 33 |
71 | 58 |
47 | 46 |
42 | 33 |
42 | 36 |
47 | 41 |
52 | 54 |
52 | 54 |
39 | 39 |
31 | 41 |
60 | 54 |
47 | 31 |
39 | 28 |
42 | 36 |
47 | 57 |
42 | 49 |
36 | 41 |
50 | 33 |
34 | 34 |
55 | 55 |
28 | 46 |
42 | 42 |
44 | 44 |
60 | 52 |
39 | 57 |
36 | 37 |
44 | 44 |
39 | 42 |
39 | 34 |
42 | 39 |
42 | 44 |
52 | 54 |
65 | 65 |
42 | 26 |
47 | 62 |
52 | 62 |
44 | 54 |
52 | 54 |
47 | 44 |
65 | 57 |
63 | 65 |
60 | 59 |
47 | 44 |
65 | 57 |
53 | 61 |
68 | 63 |
55 | 56 |
39 | 53 |
52 | 52 |
65 | 67 |
52 | 44 |
57 | 67 |
63 | 67 |
41 | 59 |
57 | 44 |
36 | 31 |
55 | 59 |
50 | 57 |
63 | 62 |
50 | 67 |
51 | 57 |
47 | 46 |
57 | 65 |
73 | 65 |
52 | 54 |
73 | 61 |
44 | 49 |
57 | 57 |
60 | 54 |
65 | 59 |
57 | 54 |
44 | 49 |
39 | 28 |
55 | 39 |
41 | 47 |
39 | 41 |
63 | 52 |
45 | 57 |
53 | 46 |
31 | 36 |
66 | 67 |
50 | 49 |
44 | 41 |
42 | 41 |
56 | 59 |
38 | 37 |
50 | 40 |
40 | 40 |
71 | 67 |
46 | 52 |
43 | 46 |
68 | 59 |
47 | 37 |
54 | 44 |
39 | 28 |
47 | 62 |
59 | 57 |
63 | 62 |
34 | 35 |
39 | 42 |
39 | 52 |
45 | 55 |
55 | 37 |
36 | 31 |
47 | 46 |
39 | 36 |
36 | 39 |
57 | 55 |
52 | 53 |
42 | 39 |
50 | 40 |
36 | 39 |
45 | 33 |
50 | 59 |
55 | 47 |
60 | 67 |
42 | 36 |
36 | 46 |
52 | 57 |
50 | 46 |
39 | 36 |
55 | 57 |
34 | 37 |
36 | 45 |
36 | 44 |
47 | 54 |
55 | 48 |
50 | 45 |
52 | 49 |
63 | 65 |
47 | 31 |
55 | 45 |
55 | 54 |
47 | 54 |
71 | 65 |
55 | 46 |
57 | 57 |
55 | 41 |
44 | 54 |
68 | 62 |
65 | 67 |
55 | 49 |
71 | 63 |
57 | 65 |
71 | 67 |
34 | 54 |
76 | 63 |
71 | 56 |
59 | 54 |
65 | 65 |
52 | 44 |
63 | 62 |
52 | 65 |
42 | 54 |
63 | 65 |
50 | 52 |
55 | 57 |
52 | 57 |
55 | 54 |
42 | 46 |
60 | 52 |
68 | 62 |
50 | 57 |
55 | 59 |
37 | 37 |
52 | 65 |
39 | 57 |
73 | 67 |
58 | 49 |
55 | 52 |
44 | 44 |
44 | 52 |
55 | 50 |
57 | 52 |
42 | 44 |
55 | 59 |
57 | 62 |
57 | 52 |
34 | 59 |
42 | 54 |
52 | 39 |
65 | 67 |
50 | 52 |
57 | 67 |
50 | 57 |
57 | 50 |
44 | 44 |
47 | 54 |
60 | 46 |
44 | 57 |
61 | 57 |
47 | 52 |
52 | 54 |
55 | 67 |
61 | 59 |
42 | 47 |
63 | 52 |
39 | 54 |
63 | 62 |
57 | 65 |
60 | 62 |
73 | 62 |
52 | 59 |
65 | 62 |
34 | 46 |
63 | 54 |
63 | 43 |
68 | 62 |
55 | 50 |
68 | 62 |
62 | 57 |
43 | 51 |
50 | 62 |
65 | 59 |
63 | 54 |
63 | 57 |
60 | 52 |
50 | 54 |
55 | 39 |
52 | 62 |
44 | 47 |
44 | 33 |
39 | 39 |
50 | 57 |
50 | 52 |
52 | 57 |
55 | 59 |
68 | 60 |
55 | 65 |
42 | 41 |
35 | 35 |
44 | 41 |
57 | 57 |
42 | 54 |
44 | 33 |
65 | 65 |
50 | 49 |
52 | 57 |
45 | 39 |
52 | 67 |
55 | 65 |
44 | 39 |
73 | 67 |
52 | 46 |
50 | 53 |
55 | 49 |
44 | 49 |
53 | 48 |
73 | 60 |
65 | 49 |
61 | 61 |
65 | 54 |
55 | 57 |
50 | 49 |
60 | 54 |
65 | 67 |
65 | 57 |
57 | 60 |
60 | 59 |
57 | 44 |
47 | 59 |
39 | 46 |
66 | 65 |
63 | 65 |
60 | 57 |
73 | 65 |
60 | 62 |
60 | 59 |
55 | 65 |
52 | 41 |
50 | 54 |
34 | 41 |
76 | 52 |
47 | 33 |
34 | 52 |
54 | 63 |
47 | 53 |
52 | 57 |
50 | 41 |
50 | 36 |
57 | 59 |
36 | 44 |
60 | 65 |
39 | 46 |
47 | 39 |
60 | 42 |
44 | 39 |
34 | 33 |
34 | 39 |
68 | 57 |
42 | 39 |
46 | 42 |
68 | 65 |
52 | 55 |
52 | 44 |
44 | 31 |
39 | 54 |
44 | 33 |
34 | 44 |
52 | 59 |
63 | 62 |
42 | 39 |
44 | 52 |
50 | 57 |
71 | 57 |
68 | 65 |
68 | 62 |
36 | 62 |
42 | 49 |
39 | 32 |
52 | 41 |
57 | 59 |
63 | 67 |
65 | 52 |
34 | 49 |
47 | 36 |
52 | 59 |
55 | 62 |
39 | 41 |
55 | 59 |
42 | 57 |
60 | 65 |
66 | 65 |
63 | 52 |
50 | 57 |
60 | 65 |
68 | 59 |
55 | 65 |
39 | 42 |
52 | 59 |
39 | 41 |
66 | 67 |
68 | 59 |
39 | 36 |
39 | 59 |
42 | 54 |
44 | 41 |
52 | 62 |
68 | 65 |
50 | 62 |
36 | 44 |
42 | 31 |
57 | 57 |
68 | 54 |
63 | 59 |
50 | 52 |
61 | 67 |
39 | 33 |
47 | 57 |
44 | 39 |
44 | 44 |
47 | 65 |
52 | 59 |
43 | 54 |
45 | 43 |
60 | 62 |
65 | 59 |
46 | 35 |
44 | 41 |
73 | 62 |
47 | 57 |
39 | 39 |
50 | 31 |
47 | 50 |
46 | 54 |
44 | 44 |
44 | 54 |
63 | 59 |
63 | 60 |
63 | 44 |
60 | 53 |
65 | 59 |
43 | 48 |
52 | 60 |
63 | 65 |
63 | 57 |
63 | 63 |
43 | 57 |
60 | 52 |
55 | 67 |
68 | 59 |
44 | 49 |
65 | 59 |
44 | 41 |
55 | 52 |
45 | 54 |
63 | 44 |
63 | 65 |
68 | 65 |
47 | 42 |
47 | 52 |
55 | 57 |
63 | 63 |
36 | 59 |
60 | 49 |
60 | 65 |
55 | 54 |
44 | 54 |
42 | 46 |
65 | 62 |
55 | 61 |
55 | 62 |
50 | 41 |
36 | 28 |
47 | 62 |
52 | 49 |
68 | 49 |
42 | 57 |
42 | 47 |
65 | 52 |
63 | 49 |
60 | 62 |
41 | 39 |
42 | 41 |
63 | 49 |
68 | 59 |
47 | 46 |
42 | 46 |
44 | 59 |
55 | 57 |
52 | 52 |
52 | 57 |
39 | 31 |
50 | 49 |
42 | 43 |
65 | 65 |
71 | 44 |
52 | 46 |
44 | 44 |
60 | 67 |
42 | 41 |
50 | 59 |
39 | 54 |
44 | 59 |
68 | 59 |
57 | 65 |
50 | 54 |
52 | 54 |
60 | 59 |
44 | 49 |
55 | 61 |
52 | 62 |
57 | 57 |
55 | 65 |
60 | 65 |
44 | 54 |
57 | 62 |
39 | 49 |
63 | 56 |
57 | 52 |
63 | 65 |
55 | 59 |
52 | 57 |
55 | 46 |
55 | 62 |
31 | 36 |
55 | 62 |
71 | 65 |
36 | 49 |
37 | 59 |
65 | 65 |
52 | 59 |
63 | 59 |
63 | 59 |
63 | 49 |
66 | 63 |
65 | 67 |
52 | 54 |
73 | 61 |
63 | 62 |
55 | 59 |
76 | 67 |
52 | 36 |
47 | 62 |
52 | 39 |
34 | 28 |
60 | 54 |
39 | 39 |
50 | 44 |
47 | 52 |
63 | 62 |
65 | 59 |
50 | 62 |
55 | 41 |
57 | 62 |
68 | 59 |
52 | 46 |
52 | 62 |
36 | 57 |
50 | 62 |
63 | 65 |
47 | 47 |
63 | 62 |
60 | 62 |
55 | 59 |
60 | 59 |
50 | 52 |
47 | 57 |
44 | 59 |
50 | 57 |
47 | 65 |
57 | 54 |
52 | 46 |
71 | 65 |
57 | 62 |
55 | 49 |
50 | 46 |
47 | 52 |
65 | 62 |
44 | 52 |
47 | 65 |
60 | 65 |
63 | 59 |
34 | 43 |
42 | 65 |
50 | 52 |
65 | 65 |
55 | 62 |
63 | 57 |
44 | 49 |
65 | 65 |
57 | 62 |
60 | 59 |
44 | 54 |
57 | 41 |
45 | 48 |
44 | 49 |
63 | 62 |
57 | 59 |
57 | 54 |
47 | 59 |
65 | 65 |
42 | 59 |
47 | 59 |
56 | 50 |
44 | 65 |
47 | 52 |
50 | 52 |
47 | 62 |
65 | 67 |
44 | 36 |
63 | 65 |
44 | 49 |
47 | 52 |
45 | 39 |
63 | 63 |
53 | 41 |
50 | 59 |
57 | 57 |
57 | 54 |
55 | 62 |
44 | 38 |
48 | 48 |
52 | 52 |
50 | 42 |
47 | 57 |
55 | 53 |
47 | 61 |
44 | 41 |
44 | 52 |
52 | 59 |
60 | 54 |
63 | 62 |
68 | 54 |
57 | 67 |
63 | 54 |
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