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Consider an economy described by the following equations.
Y=C+I+G
C=100+.75(Y−T)
I=500−50r
G=125
T=100
Where: Y is GDP, C is consumption, I is investment, G is government spending, T is taxes and r is the rate of interest.
Question:
1. Assuming that no change in fiscal policy, what is the effect of a reduction in interest rate from 4 percent to 3 percent on equilibrium output?
2. Suppose the Central Bank policy is to adjust the money supply to maintain the interest rate at 4 percent, so r=4. What is the value of output?
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- Use the following equations for exercises C = $ 100 + .8 Y I = $ 200 G = $ 250 X = $100 - .2 Y a.What is the equilibrium level of real GDP? b.What is the new equilibrium level of real GDP if government spending increases by $ 150? c.What is the new equilibrium level of real GDP if government spending and taxes both increases by $ 150?Suppose the economy reaches equilibrium GDP at $1,250,000 while potential GDP is at $1,500,000. Currently G=$180,000 while taxes are equal to 0.1Y (where Y is the same as real GDP). a. How large is the recessionary gap in this economy? b. At equilibrium GDP, is there a budget surplus or deficit? Solve for the value of this surplus or deficit. At the potential GDP, is there a surplus or deficit? Solve for the value of the full- employment surplus or deficit. d. Does there exist a cyclical surplus or deficit? Solve for its value C.The following table provides some information on government spending (G) and tax revenues (T) at different levels of real GDP in a hypothetical economy. Note: Throughout this problem you can assume, for simplicity, that government transfers are zero. Real GDP (Billions of dollars) 460 GOVERNMENT SPENDING AND TAXES (Billions of dollars) 80 78 76 74 Use the blue line (circle symbols) to plot the government spending schedule presented in the table. Then use the orange line (square symbols) to plot the economy's tax revenues schedule. 72 70 68 → 68 64 62 + 60 500 540 400 420 Government Spending (G) (Billions of dollars) 72 440 72 72 460 480 500 520 540 REAL GDP (Billions of dollars) 560 Tax Revenues (T) (Billions of dollars) 70 580 72 74 600 404-8141 Deficits Surpluses ?
- Question 34 T,G ($) 400 309 200 100 G 0 $100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 GDP Refer to the above graph in which T is net tax revenues and G is government expenditures. All figures are in billions. In this economy: government expenditures are planned, budgeted and independent of GDP. government expenditures are planned and vary directly with GDP; tax revenues are independent of GDP. government expenditures are planned, budgeted and vary inversely with GDP. government expenditures are planned, budgeted and vary directly with GDP.C = 600 + 0.8Yd , Yd = Y – T, Tg = 100, I= 200, R = 50, G = 350, X = 250 and M = 200 + 0.1Y. How much tax has to be reduced so that the national income will increase by 2000? Based on the answer in Question 2(a), if the government undertakes expansionary fiscal policy by increasing government expenditure by 400, calculate the new equilibrium level of income. After being at the equilibrium level of income in Question 2(e) above, if the government reduces the tax by 400, what is the new equilibrium level of income? Starting with the original information above, if the government runs a balanced budget i.e. increases the government expenditure and tax by the same amount (ΔG = ΔT = 400 which Δ means changes), calculate the new equilibrium level of income. Draw a diagram to show this situation1. The following is information for the economy of Texas, where taxes are wholly autonomous: C = 40 + 0.8YD where YD = (Y – T) G = T = 360 I = 120 XN = 107 – 0.1Y a. What is the value of equilibrium income? b. At equilibrium, what is the amount of budget deficit or budget surplus? c. If government increased both its spending and taxes by $60, what would be the new equilibrium income?
- Which of the following best describes a fiscal policy tool? 1. Government spending II. Government taxes III. Interest rates. IV. Bank lending V. Financial capital markets I and II I and VI III, IV, and VG Spending and NTR Budget Deficit Budget Surplus Y1 V1 . I I Y2 V2 je I I Y3 I V3 G NTR Real GDP BL Real GDP In the following graph, NTR is net tax revenue, G is government spending on goods and services, BL is budget line. Which of the following is true? A balanced budget would occur at income level Y1 A balanced budget would occur at income level Y2 A balanced budget could occur at income levels Y1, Y2 or Y3 The existence of a balanced budget cannot be determined because no inflation on tex revenues is given17 The graph below depicts an economy where a decline in aggregate demand has caused a recession. Assume the government decides to conduct fiscal policy by increasing government purchases to reduce the burden of this recession. Price Level 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 (40, 100) Fiscal Policy LRAS प्रै ======= AD₁ billion AS 80 160 240 320 400 480 560 640 720 800 Real GDP (billions of dollars) $| Suppose instead that the MPC is 0.5. AD Instructions: Enter your answers as a whole number. a. How much does aggregate demand need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? $ billion b. If the MPC is 0.6, how much does government purchases need to change to shift aggregate demand by the amount you found in part a? c. How much does aggregate demand and government purchases need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? Aggregate demand needs to change by $ billion and government purchases need to change by $ billion.
- Topic: Fiscal Policy 1. A government collects $0.35 on every new dollar of income. Of the remaining $0.65 of disposable income, 20% is spent on imports, and 10% of the disposable income is saved. a. What is the marginal propensity to withdraw?b. How much of each new dollar of income is spent on domestic consumption?c. What is the spending multiplier in this economy?Consider an economy in which the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8 and GDP is currently at 12,000. a) The government wishes to increase GDP to 13,000, and it is considering changing only one of its fiscal tools: 1. government purchases 2. taxes 3. transfer payments How much would the government have to change each of these fiscal policy tools to achieve its goal? (Use the simple spending multiplier for this part and below.) b) Suppose instead that the government wishes to reduce GDP to 10,000, and again, it is considering using only one of its three available fiscal policy tools. How much would it change each of these fiscal tools to achieve its goal?The graph below depicts an economy where a decline in aggregate demand has caused a recession. Assume the government decides to conduct fiscal policy by changing toxes to reduce the burden of this recession. Fiscal Policy 140 LRAS AS 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 AD 60 50 AD, 40 80 160 240 320 400 480 560 640 720 800 Real GDP (billions of dollars) Instructions: Enter your answer as a whole number. If you are entering a negative number include a minus sign. a. How much does oggregate demanci need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilbrilum? billion b. If the MPC is 0.667, how much do taxes need to change to shift aggregate demand by the amount you found in part a? billion Suppose instead that the MPC is 0.5. C. How much does aggregate demand and taxes need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? Aggregate demand needs to change by $ [ billion and taxes need to change by $ billion. Price Level
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