Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
![**Question 2: Provide an IUPAC name for the following molecules:**
**Diagram 1**:
- This diagram illustrates an eight-membered ring with three chlorine (Cl) atoms attached to one of its carbon atoms.
**Diagram 2**:
- This structure features a complex branched hydrocarbon. The main chain includes a cyclopropane ring that's attached to a carbon chain with various branches.
**Explanation**:
Naming chemical compounds according to the IUPAC nomenclature involves identifying the longest continuous carbon chain (parent chain), numbering the chain from the end nearest a substituent, and then identifying and naming the substituents attached to the chain. The positions of the substituents are indicated by the numbers corresponding to the carbon atoms to which they are attached. Substituents are listed in alphabetical order. Cycloalkanes are named based on the number of carbon atoms in the ring, and substituents are named as prefixes.
In Diagram 1, the octane ring has three chlorine substituents on a single carbon. In Diagram 2, the complex structure needs to be identified starting from the longest carbon chain, and then identifying branches and other substituents.
**Note**: Detailed steps are required to confirm the exact IUPAC names for each molecule as per IUPAC conventions.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd2bcede6-fd9b-472f-9a7b-9def96cfbb6f%2F0c760a93-de91-429f-9797-a64b8ef41f13%2F6lwdytn_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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