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Write the structures of all the alkenes that can be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following alkyl halides using sodium ethoxide. Assuming that Zaitsev's rule applies, predict the alkene formed in greatest amount in each case.

Write the structures of all the alkenes that can be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following alkyl halides using sodium ethoxide. Assuming that Zaitsev's rule applies, predict the alkene formed in greatest amount in each case.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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**Question:** Write the structures of all the alkenes that can be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following alkyl halides using sodium ethoxide. Assuming that Zaitsev's rule applies, predict the alkene formed in greatest amount in each case. **Compounds to Analyze:** a. 2-Bromo-2,3-dimethylpentane b. 2-Chloro-3-methylbutane c. 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclopentane --- ### Explanation **Dehydrohalogenation:** It is an elimination reaction where a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom are removed from adjacent carbon atoms, leading to the formation of an alkene. **Zaitsev's Rule:** This rule states that the more substituted alkene (the one with more alkyl groups) will be the major product in an elimination reaction. --- ### Analysis of Given Compounds 1. **2-Bromo-2,3-dimethylpentane:** **Possible Alkenes:** - Formation by removing a hydrogen from the carbon adjacent to the bromine-bearing carbon. - Double bonds can form between: - C1 and C2 - C2 and C3 Zaitsev’s rule predicts the major product will be the most substituted alkene: - The most stable product will be 2,3-dimethyl-2-pentene. 2. **2-Chloro-3-methylbutane:** **Possible Alkenes:** - Formation by removing a hydrogen from the carbon adjacent to the chlorine-bearing carbon. - Double bonds can form between: - C1 and C2 - C2 and C3 According to Zaitsev’s rule: - The most substituted and stable product will be 3-methyl-2-butene. 3. **1-Bromo-1-methylcyclopentane:** **Possible Alkenes:** - Formation by removing a hydrogen from the carbon adjacent to the bromine-bearing carbon. - Double bonds can form between: - C1 and C2 in the ring structure. Applying Zaitsev’s rule: - The major product will be the most substituted alkene in the ring, which will be methylcyclopentene. --- ### Conclusion For each given alkyl halide,
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** Write the structures of all the alkenes that can be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following alkyl halides using sodium ethoxide. Assuming that Zaitsev's rule applies, predict the alkene formed in greatest amount in each case. **Compounds to Analyze:** a. 2-Bromo-2,3-dimethylpentane b. 2-Chloro-3-methylbutane c. 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclopentane --- ### Explanation **Dehydrohalogenation:** It is an elimination reaction where a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom are removed from adjacent carbon atoms, leading to the formation of an alkene. **Zaitsev's Rule:** This rule states that the more substituted alkene (the one with more alkyl groups) will be the major product in an elimination reaction. --- ### Analysis of Given Compounds 1. **2-Bromo-2,3-dimethylpentane:** **Possible Alkenes:** - Formation by removing a hydrogen from the carbon adjacent to the bromine-bearing carbon. - Double bonds can form between: - C1 and C2 - C2 and C3 Zaitsev’s rule predicts the major product will be the most substituted alkene: - The most stable product will be 2,3-dimethyl-2-pentene. 2. **2-Chloro-3-methylbutane:** **Possible Alkenes:** - Formation by removing a hydrogen from the carbon adjacent to the chlorine-bearing carbon. - Double bonds can form between: - C1 and C2 - C2 and C3 According to Zaitsev’s rule: - The most substituted and stable product will be 3-methyl-2-butene. 3. **1-Bromo-1-methylcyclopentane:** **Possible Alkenes:** - Formation by removing a hydrogen from the carbon adjacent to the bromine-bearing carbon. - Double bonds can form between: - C1 and C2 in the ring structure. Applying Zaitsev’s rule: - The major product will be the most substituted alkene in the ring, which will be methylcyclopentene. --- ### Conclusion For each given alkyl halide,
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