Lipids
The heterogeneous classes of organic compounds that are not water-soluble but are dissolved in organic solvents that are non-polar in nature are termed lipids. They are a long chain of fatty acids and esters of alcohols. Lipids are generally seen in several plants, microorganisms, and animals. They are utilized as insulation, components of the cell membrane, hormones, and molecules for the storage of energy.
Glycerophospholipid
Glycerophospholipid is the most abundantly occuring phospholipids found in the biological membranes. Lipids include a group of organic compounds like fats, hormones, oils, waxes, vitamins etc. They are non-polar molecules and are insoluble in water. Lipids play an important role in biological systems. They are the building blocks of our cell membranes, store energy and are involved in signaling.
Structure Of Camphor
A terpene with the molecular formula of C10H16O is a waxy, white color solid known as camphor. It is flammable. It also possesses a very pungent taste and a strong odor. There are various sources for extracting camphor from natural products such as the wood of the tree of camphor laurel. Sublimation of wood and steam distillation are some of the methods involved in obtaining camphor.
Glycolipid In Organic Chemistry
Glycolipids are lipids that are an important class of organic compounds in chemistry that have simple to complex applications. They contain carbohydrates, fatty acids, sphingolipids or a glycerol group. In other words, they are the modifications of lipids like acylglycerols, prenols and ceramides. They are all part of a wider group of compounds known as glycoconjugates.
Diterpenoid
The terpenoid class includes diterpenoids, which are chemical compounds with 20 carbon atoms. They are made up of four isoprene units and are derived from geranylgeraniol, a C20 precursor. They have a C20H32 basic structure. These characteristics distinguish diterpenoids from simple terpenes, which have just 10 carbon atoms.
![OBJECTIVE/S:
1. To introduce students to the pharmaceutical industry and to organic chemistry by way of an
exercise in the synthesis of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
MATERIALS:
QTY
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
PROCEDURE:
Apparatus/Materials/Equipment
Erlenmeyer flask (125ml)
Funnel
Alcohol lamp
250 ml beaker
Iron stand
Iron ring
Wire gauze
Tripod
Stirring rod
500 ml Beaker
Filter paper
Beaker 50 ml
QTY
40g
60ml
10mL
200ml
1pack
100ml
Chemicals
Salicylic acid (solid)
Acetic anhydride
Conc 18M H₂SO₂
Ethanol for alcohol lamp
Distilled water
Ice cubes
ethanol
Addtl Ethanol for alcohol lamp
2. Weigh 5 grams of Salicylic acid (C-H503) and transfer to a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask.
Measure 7 mL of Acetic anhydride.
3.
4.
Slowly add the Acetic anhydride to the Salicylic acid. (Don't let the Acetic anhydride
contact your skin and don't get the vapors in your eyes.)
5. Slowly add 8 drops of conc 18M H₂SO4 to the reaction vessel.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F83087779-dfc0-4627-94c8-3dd9ce30be6b%2Ff9e6e4f8-4614-4ea5-a225-01c5f7142817%2Fvlzn6n_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![6. Assemble a hot water bath and place the Erlenmeyer flask in the water bath.
7. Heat the water bath. Start timing when the water boils. Heat for 15 minutes.
8. Turn off the alcohol lamp and remove the flask from the water bath.
9. Allow the flask to cool for at least 5 minutes.
10. Add 15 ml of water to the flask and swirl to mix the contents.
11. Place the flask in an ice bath to allow the aspirin to crystallize. If crystals do not appear,
scratch the walls of the flask with a stirring rod to induce crystallization.
12. Collect the crystals by passing the solution thru a funnel fitted with a fluted filter paper.
13. Rinse the flask to dislodge residual crystals and add the washings to (11)
14. Transfer the collected solids into a clean, dry 250 ml beaker.
15. Add 12 ml of 95% ethanol. Warm (but do not boil) over a water bath until all the crystals
dissolve.
16. When the crystals are completely dissolved, remove from the water bath and add 12 ml
of water. Set aside and allow the solution to cool for 10 minutes.
17. Place the beaker in an ice bath to allow for crystals to form. If crystals do not appear,
scratch the bottom of the beaker with a stirring rod to induce crystallization.
18. Collect the crystals by passing the solution thru a funnel fitter with a fluted filter paper.
19. Air dry the crystals ad transfer to a smaller beaker.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F83087779-dfc0-4627-94c8-3dd9ce30be6b%2Ff9e6e4f8-4614-4ea5-a225-01c5f7142817%2Fc3jqklc_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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