Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
![**Question:**
Write the following from largest to smallest size. (Use periodic trends.)
(a) Ca, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺
**Description:**
This exercise requires an understanding of periodic trends and the size of atoms and ions. You are asked to compare the size of calcium (Ca), magnesium ion (Mg²⁺), and calcium ion (Ca²⁺).
**Explanation:**
- **Calcium (Ca):** A neutral atom with a complete set of electrons in its outermost shell.
- **Magnesium ion (Mg²⁺):** A magnesium atom that has lost two electrons, resulting in a smaller ionic radius due to the reduced electron-electron repulsion.
- **Calcium ion (Ca²⁺):** A calcium atom that has also lost two electrons, leading to a smaller size compared to the neutral calcium atom.
**Tips:**
When comparing sizes, remember:
- Neutral atoms are larger than their cations.
- Among cations, the ion with fewer protons but the same electron configuration is larger.
Use these principles to order the given atoms/ions from largest to smallest.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F1c5602e6-0665-4f2a-aeed-4defee6a19eb%2F44182beb-dc07-4895-81c5-c9cf9927fbbd%2Fd4l9vo_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:**
Write the following from largest to smallest size. (Use periodic trends.)
(a) Ca, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺
**Description:**
This exercise requires an understanding of periodic trends and the size of atoms and ions. You are asked to compare the size of calcium (Ca), magnesium ion (Mg²⁺), and calcium ion (Ca²⁺).
**Explanation:**
- **Calcium (Ca):** A neutral atom with a complete set of electrons in its outermost shell.
- **Magnesium ion (Mg²⁺):** A magnesium atom that has lost two electrons, resulting in a smaller ionic radius due to the reduced electron-electron repulsion.
- **Calcium ion (Ca²⁺):** A calcium atom that has also lost two electrons, leading to a smaller size compared to the neutral calcium atom.
**Tips:**
When comparing sizes, remember:
- Neutral atoms are larger than their cations.
- Among cations, the ion with fewer protons but the same electron configuration is larger.
Use these principles to order the given atoms/ions from largest to smallest.
![**Transcription for Educational Website**
---
**Chemical Ions Illustration (b)**
*Ion List:*
- Calcium ion: \( \text{Ca}^{2+} \)
- Sulfide ion: \( \text{S}^{2-} \)
- Potassium ion: \( \text{K}^+ \)
- Chloride ion: \( \text{Cl}^- \)
---
**Interactive Tool: chemPad**
The chemPad interface includes several features to facilitate chemical notation input:
1. **X\(_0\)**: Button for entering subscript.
2. **X\(^n\)**: Button for entering superscript.
3. **\(\rightarrow\)**: Button for forward reactions.
4. **\(\leftrightarrow\)**: Button for reversible reactions.
5. **\(\leftarrow\)**: Button for backward reactions.
6. **Greek Dropdown**: A menu for selecting Greek letters.
Below these buttons is an input field where chemical symbols and reactions can be typed and formatted.
A "Help" button is available for additional guidance on using chemPad.
---](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F1c5602e6-0665-4f2a-aeed-4defee6a19eb%2F44182beb-dc07-4895-81c5-c9cf9927fbbd%2Fgdulsw_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription for Educational Website**
---
**Chemical Ions Illustration (b)**
*Ion List:*
- Calcium ion: \( \text{Ca}^{2+} \)
- Sulfide ion: \( \text{S}^{2-} \)
- Potassium ion: \( \text{K}^+ \)
- Chloride ion: \( \text{Cl}^- \)
---
**Interactive Tool: chemPad**
The chemPad interface includes several features to facilitate chemical notation input:
1. **X\(_0\)**: Button for entering subscript.
2. **X\(^n\)**: Button for entering superscript.
3. **\(\rightarrow\)**: Button for forward reactions.
4. **\(\leftrightarrow\)**: Button for reversible reactions.
5. **\(\leftarrow\)**: Button for backward reactions.
6. **Greek Dropdown**: A menu for selecting Greek letters.
Below these buttons is an input field where chemical symbols and reactions can be typed and formatted.
A "Help" button is available for additional guidance on using chemPad.
---
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