Write the following from largest to smallest size. C (a) Ca, Mg2+, Ca2+

Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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**Question:**  
Write the following from largest to smallest size. (Use periodic trends.)

(a) Ca, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺

**Description:**

This exercise requires an understanding of periodic trends and the size of atoms and ions. You are asked to compare the size of calcium (Ca), magnesium ion (Mg²⁺), and calcium ion (Ca²⁺).

**Explanation:**

- **Calcium (Ca):** A neutral atom with a complete set of electrons in its outermost shell.
- **Magnesium ion (Mg²⁺):** A magnesium atom that has lost two electrons, resulting in a smaller ionic radius due to the reduced electron-electron repulsion.
- **Calcium ion (Ca²⁺):** A calcium atom that has also lost two electrons, leading to a smaller size compared to the neutral calcium atom.

**Tips:**

When comparing sizes, remember:
- Neutral atoms are larger than their cations.
- Among cations, the ion with fewer protons but the same electron configuration is larger.

Use these principles to order the given atoms/ions from largest to smallest.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** Write the following from largest to smallest size. (Use periodic trends.) (a) Ca, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ **Description:** This exercise requires an understanding of periodic trends and the size of atoms and ions. You are asked to compare the size of calcium (Ca), magnesium ion (Mg²⁺), and calcium ion (Ca²⁺). **Explanation:** - **Calcium (Ca):** A neutral atom with a complete set of electrons in its outermost shell. - **Magnesium ion (Mg²⁺):** A magnesium atom that has lost two electrons, resulting in a smaller ionic radius due to the reduced electron-electron repulsion. - **Calcium ion (Ca²⁺):** A calcium atom that has also lost two electrons, leading to a smaller size compared to the neutral calcium atom. **Tips:** When comparing sizes, remember: - Neutral atoms are larger than their cations. - Among cations, the ion with fewer protons but the same electron configuration is larger. Use these principles to order the given atoms/ions from largest to smallest.
**Transcription for Educational Website**

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**Chemical Ions Illustration (b)**

*Ion List:*
- Calcium ion: \( \text{Ca}^{2+} \)
- Sulfide ion: \( \text{S}^{2-} \)
- Potassium ion: \( \text{K}^+ \)
- Chloride ion: \( \text{Cl}^- \)

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**Interactive Tool: chemPad**

The chemPad interface includes several features to facilitate chemical notation input:
1. **X\(_0\)**: Button for entering subscript.
2. **X\(^n\)**: Button for entering superscript.
3. **\(\rightarrow\)**: Button for forward reactions.
4. **\(\leftrightarrow\)**: Button for reversible reactions.
5. **\(\leftarrow\)**: Button for backward reactions.
6. **Greek Dropdown**: A menu for selecting Greek letters.

Below these buttons is an input field where chemical symbols and reactions can be typed and formatted.

A "Help" button is available for additional guidance on using chemPad.

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Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription for Educational Website** --- **Chemical Ions Illustration (b)** *Ion List:* - Calcium ion: \( \text{Ca}^{2+} \) - Sulfide ion: \( \text{S}^{2-} \) - Potassium ion: \( \text{K}^+ \) - Chloride ion: \( \text{Cl}^- \) --- **Interactive Tool: chemPad** The chemPad interface includes several features to facilitate chemical notation input: 1. **X\(_0\)**: Button for entering subscript. 2. **X\(^n\)**: Button for entering superscript. 3. **\(\rightarrow\)**: Button for forward reactions. 4. **\(\leftrightarrow\)**: Button for reversible reactions. 5. **\(\leftarrow\)**: Button for backward reactions. 6. **Greek Dropdown**: A menu for selecting Greek letters. Below these buttons is an input field where chemical symbols and reactions can be typed and formatted. A "Help" button is available for additional guidance on using chemPad. ---
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