WORKSHOP: pH and Solubility ad in your answers to the following problems to gain credit for this lab workshop. work for partial credit. pH Problems: Propanoic acid (HC3H$O2), a weak monoprotic acid, is 0.72% ionized in 0.25 M solution. (a) Calculate the pH of this solution. (b) Calculate the acid dissociation constant (Ka) for this acid solution. 2. Acrylic acid is used in the polymer industry in the production of acrylates. Its Ka is 5.6 x 105. What is pH of a 0.11 M solution of acrylic acid (CH2CHCOOH)? * 3. Morphine, an opiate derived from the opium poppy (genus Papaver), has the molecular formula C7H19N It is a weakly basic amine, with a Kb of 1.6 x 106. What is the pH of a 0.0045 M solution of morphine2 4. The pH of a 0.10 M solution of hypobromous acid, HBRO, is 6.4 at 25°C. (a) What is the value of the ionization constant Ka for hypobromous acid? (b) What is the percent ionization of the acid in this solution? 5. A 0.250 M solution of strychnine (C21H22N2O2) has a pH of 10.8 (a) What is the value of Kb for the aqueous ionization of strychnine? (b) What is the percent ionization of this solution? 6. How many moles of benzoic acid (HC7HSO2) must be used to prepare 500. mL of a solution that has a pH 2.44? Note that the Ka of benzoic acid is 6.3 x 105. 7. Calculate the concentration of dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4') in a 0.10 M solution of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Note that for phosphoric acid: Kal =7.5 x 103, Ka2 = 6.2 x 108, and Ka3 = 4.8 x 103. 8. What is the pH of a 0.15 M solution of sodium nitrite (NaNO2)? The Ka of nitrous acid (HNO2) is 4.5 x 104. 9. What is the pH of a 0.21 M solution of KOI? The Ka for hypoiodous acid (HOI) is 2.3 x 10".

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States of Matter

The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates). 

Chemical Reactions and Equations

When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.